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new Dubai | December 3, 2023 — Climate change threatens to reverse decades of global development progress and puts the health and livelihoods of future generations in jeopardy. Data indicates a rapid increase in temperature, humidity and rainfall which negatively impacts health, agriculture and vulnerable populations including women. For example, increasing temperatures and rainfall from El Nino support growth of mosquitoes in new locations which previously did not support mosquito populations resulting in spread of diseases such as malaria and dengue fever. There is an urgent need to invest in creative solutions that adapt and build resilience to these existing and future climate related challenges.The Rockefeller Foundation, 13h ago
new We acknowledge these challenges, yet argue that the ultimate test of the effectiveness is not whether governments can ‘pick winners’ but whether they are able to ‘let losers go’. Although cutting losers ex post may be difficult, it is far less demanding than governmental omniscience in selecting winners ex ante. In this sense, we would argue that industrial policy is not that different from many other domains of public policy choice (education policies, stabilization policies, etc.) where the justifications for government intervention are well-established (human capital externalities, Keynesian ‘rigidities’) but what works is not obvious. Yet, unlike industrial policy, debates in these arenas typically focus on how to do policy well, not whether policy should be attempted.CEPR, 18h ago
new Sadly, I am unable to be present with you, as I had greatly desired. Even so, I am with you, because time is short. I am with you because now more than ever, the future of us all depends on the present that we now choose. I am with you because the destruction of the environment is an offence against God, a sin that is not only personal but also structural, one that greatly endangers all human beings, especially the most vulnerable in our midst and threatens to unleash a conflict between generations. I am with you because climate change is “a global social issue and one intimately related to the dignity of human life” (Apostolic Exhortation Laudate Deum, 3). I am with you to raise the question which we must answer now: Are we working for a culture of life or a culture of death? To all of you I make this heartfelt appeal: Let us choose life! Let us choose the future! May we be attentive to the cry of the earth, may we hear the plea of the poor, may we be sensitive to the hopes of the young and the dreams of children! We have a grave responsibility: to ensure that they not be denied their future.Watts Up With That? • The world's most viewed site on global warming and climate change, 21h ago
new Ipso facto, the federal government cannot distant itself from the ‘cry’ for access to quality education at all levels, because it is a constitutional responsibility. It is imperative that the country gives her population access to quality education in order to harvest them as demographic ‘dividend’ in the future. Thus, there should be renewed commitment of government across all levels, and the private sector, to address funding the education sector, and providing the less privileged Nigerians with access to education for a brighter future.The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News, 21h ago
new The suggestion is that relational actors do not seek to merge into a homogenous international society, but aspire for the dialogical management of their differences through interaction so that these do not lead “to conflict and disorder, but on the contrary, can add up to stability” (Qin 2016, 39). Qin’s proposition is that in such a dynamic context power itself is relational. Rather than a material possession or an equation of capabilities, power becomes a contingent reflection of intersubjective and circumstantial relational practices. As a result, the capacity to act transpires as a function of the ongoing ability of social actors to adapt, manage, and navigate the multiplicity of flows animating their “relational circles; an actor is more powerful because she has larger relational circles, more intimate and important others in these circles, and more social prestige because of these circles” (Qin 2016, 42). In this setting, both “relations are power” and “relations always influence [enlarge and/ or constrain] the exercise of power” (Qin 2009, 16-18).E-International Relations, 1d ago
new I think the best way to deal with these turbo-charged political uses of history is, first, to acknowledge and study them in their local and comparative contexts and then, second, to try to use them for good. This involves recognising that political uses of history are not about history, they are about politics and identity. Ordinary people use narratives, or stories, about the past to explain who they are and how they see the world, not to enter into a debate on what did or didn’t happen. Since there will always be political actors trying to appeal to these stories, and identities, it is best to accept the emotive memory narrative and to try to use it for good. For example, a study of documentaries in Sweden and Germany on migration showed that they made considerable use of historical parallels to justify a pro-migrant stance following the 2015 migrant and refugee crisis. Invoking history, therefore, is not an inherently negative act or impulse towards ‘othering’. In fact, I increasingly think that it is only by counterposing different, nuanced, historical narratives, or different interpretations of history, to those invoked by populists on all sides, that it is possible to counter the emotional appeal of the more negative types of historical framing described in this book, as well as the attendant claims to authenticity and a higher sense of truth. It is important that the emotive power of historical language is not simply ceded to the demagogues.E-International Relations, 1d ago

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new In light of urbanization and its profound implications on public health, community gardens emerge as a compelling solution. As cities expand, green spaces diminish, contributing to sedentary lifestyles and limited access to fresh, nutritious food. Community gardens, however, offer a promising remedy to these urban health challenges. This article delves into the transformative potential of community gardens, examining both their myriad benefits and the nuanced challenges they face in urban settings. From physical and mental well-being to addressing food insecurity, these green havens present a holistic approach to nurturing healthier urban communities.LA Progressive, 1d ago
new On this International Day of Persons with Disabilities, the United Nations reiterates its unwavering commitment to promoting the rights, dignity, and well-being of persons with disabilities, particularly amidst the complex political and humanitarian landscape of Myanmar. In alignment with this year's theme, "United in Action to Rescue and Achieve the SDGs for, with, and by Persons with Disabilities", we emphasize the need for concerted efforts to dismantle barriers of persons with disabilities and cultivate an inclusive society.ReliefWeb, 1d ago
new At this point, the question is not whether the far right is surging in Europe, but rather how national governments and the EU alike intend to counter fascism and far right extremism. Fear of the “Other” and the consequences of neoliberalism (economic insecurity, poverty, inequality and deteriorating living standards) are among the main causes behind the increasing public support for far right parties. Left unaddressed, and especially amid organizing conducted via the internet and social media, hard right politics will only grow, and far right violence will likely increase. What took place recently in Dublin, where hundreds of radical right rioters went on a rampage over unconfirmed reports on social media that three children had been stabbed by an “illegal immigrant,” may be a prelude to what the future holds for Western societies unwilling to address the factors that contribute to the spread of far right ideologies.Truthout, 2d ago

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The U.S. Government Strategy on International Basic Education for Fiscal Years 2019-23 (the Strategy) was released in September 2018. The strategy demonstrates the U.S. government’s commitment to international education and presents an opportunity to advance global diplomatic and development leadership on pressing international education challenges, as called for in the Reinforcing Education Accountability in Development (aka READ) Act, Division 2, P.L. 115-56. The goal of the strategy is to achieve a world where education systems in partner countries enable all individuals to acquire the education and skills needed to be productive members of society. To accomplish this goal, the U.S. government has two principal objectives: 1) improve learning outcomes, and 2) expand access to quality basic education for all, particularly marginalized populations. The U.S. government recognizes that its investments in international education serve as a force multiplier for all its work in international development. Strengthening education systems in developing countries advances U.S. foreign policy goals, promotes U.S. and international security, and helps accelerate economic growth at home and abroad.United States Department of State, 3d ago
As well as leaving more people at risk of poverty and hardship, declining workforce health threatens to hamper productivity, add to the pressures on public finances and harm employers across all sectors of the economy. Although the government has made some early strides in providing employment support for people with health conditions, there are limits to what can be achieved without concerted cross-government action. Indeed, many of the levers that government has to affect working-age health, such as changing who can access social security or the employment support that they receive, or requiring businesses to provide occupational health services to employees, would require legislative change.The Health Foundation, 17d ago
Governments can address the magnitude of malnutrition afflicting children and adolescents worldwide with a well-funded, nutritionist-monitored midday meal provision for students, as well as with food subsidies that ensure adequate food security for all, especially low-income households. For interventions to be effective, governments will need to address the socioeconomic dimensions underpinning both malnutrition and obesity. Fighting obesity and malnutrition-related diabetes through such a public food program strategy would be an investment that countries like India should pursue to reduce health care costs down the line and contribute to the health of future generations.Scientific American, 25d ago
How much has market power increased in the United States in the last fifty years? And how did the rise in market power affect aggregate profits? Using micro-level data from U.S. Compustat, we find that several indicators of market power have steadily increased since 1970. In particular, the aggregate markup has gone up from 10% of price over marginal cost in 1970 to 23% in 2020, and aggregate returns to scale have risen from 1.00 to 1.13. We connect these market-power indicators to profitability by showing that the aggregate profit share can be expressed in terms of the aggregate markup, aggregate returns to scale, and a sufficient statistic for production networks that captures double marginalization in the economy. We find that despite the rise in market power, the profit share has been constant at 18% of GDP because the increase in monopoly rents has been completely offset by rising fixed costs and changes in technology. Our empirical results have subtle implications for policymakers: overly aggressive enforcement of antitrust law could decrease firm dynamism and paradoxically lead to lower competition and higher market power.nationalaffairs.com, 28d ago
With an understanding that a priori just war theory has some explanatory power, albeit limited in the cases of non-westernized worldview countries, relationality can assist in filling in the postulated gaps in the theory when applied as a heuristic. Within the Aquinas basis of the just war theory model, there are several places within which these proposed ‘relational devices or qualifiers’ might be inserted to assist in the fine-tuning of the heuristic. The Ivorian and Mali example serves as a useful backdrop to highlight these potential qualifiers. Within the characteristic of lawful authority, one should not just view the conflict through constitutional or international authority to wage war, but also include the relationship that the government has with its own populace and with the countries surrounding it. The concept of community being a widespread ideal in SSWA provides a limiting aspect to the authority one country has to wage war on another. The particular interpretations of sovereignty must also be taken into account. Just cause analysis may be assisted by including historical rationalization for warfare versus merely looking at Westernized views and philosophies of morality. Right intention and right means also benefit from caveats such as the community aspect, good human relations, sense of the sacred, and several other SSWA worldview tropes mentioned above. These final two have more explanatory power within conflict (Jus in Bello), and as such cannot really be identified within the case study of the paper. However, adding this region and even country-specific qualifiers will greatly assist in the explanatory power of the model when utilizing it outside of Western states (such as Russia and Ukraine). Further, as a nod towards implications for future research on the utilization of these qualifiers, the impact of colonization on how the states formed and how they function in SSWA should not be discounted. Although a cogent discussion within the complex sovereignty variables mentioned at the onset, the potential impacts of colonization are better applied within these country-specific qualifiers. As is widely known, colonization disrupted the paths socio-political path of SSWA by establishing the states themselves as they are now seen. Without these borders being established at the Berlin Conference of 1884, the issues of sovereignty might not have arisen as the states could have potentially taken different forms. Cursory impacts on socio-political worldviews might be identified as push and pull factors between attempts by the states to develop and maintain their own definitions of statehood that are tied to past narratives and impact contemporary forms of sovereignty concepts as well as their need to work within the westernized state system. For the latter, the impacts of colonization provide for some familiar mechanisms of state, albeit not without conflict with contemporary identity and sovereignty efforts. Indeed, intertwining aspects of the westernization of the SSWA states into the generalized model of state interactions proposed above certainly assists in the application of a relational mode of thinking within the utilization of just war theory in sub-Saharan West Africa.E-International Relations, 28d ago
Malnutrition in all its forms (underweight, overweight, and micronutrient-deficiency) heightens a person’s vulnerability to infections, fuelling a harmful cycle of adverse health outcomes. Meanwhile, the constant struggle to secure adequate nutrition – even to avoid starvation – takes a toll on one’s mental health, leading to anxiety, stress, depression, and more. As a recent United Nations report underscores, the right to food and the right to health are inextricably linked.Khaleej Times, 25d ago

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new When low-income countries found themselves in need of emergency financial assistance from international financial institutions, the aid came at a heavy price. These countries were required to implement policies such as privatization, deregulation, and tax cuts in exchange for the loans. Unfortunately, the conditions attached to these loans, known as structural adjustment programs, had disastrous consequences. They led to the destruction of many economies and exacerbated inequality in others, perpetuating a cycle of poverty.Modern Diplomacy, 2d ago
new Roughly speaking, that is my, perhaps unfashionable, view. Williams is, of course, a hugely influential figure, but he doesn’t represent the main trajectory of contemporary philosophy, which is now heavily focused on the interpretation of science-based findings. Generally speaking, Williams is sceptical about the dominant effort to turn philosophy into a handmaiden of science, except in those specific areas that call for this. The overall view that I find most plausible and truthful about our human situation is that — contrary to the sceptical view that we just considered — we can defend a robust understanding of both freedom and responsibility, that can be provided in entirely naturalistic terms. However, what’s interesting about the sort of view Williams describes, which goes all the way back to the ancient Greeks, is that this does not serve to vindicate an easy optimism about the human condition. On the contrary, understanding our situation in these terms grounds a pessimism that is rooted, not in the sceptical thought that we aren’t really free and responsible, but in a more difficult and subtle truth about our predicament, which is that while we may well be free and responsible agents, we nevertheless remain vulnerable to luck, contingency, and aspects of fate in the exercise of moral life itself. It is our awareness of this that we find uncomfortable and tend to resist. Most available theories in the free will debate seek, in various ways, to evade this pessimistic conclusion. Although this understanding of our predicament as human agents may not be one we find comfortable it is, nevertheless, the most truthful interpretation.Five Books, 2d ago
new As with many things at the international level, progress in one area is often simultaneous with a perceived lack of progress in others. Despite efforts of the United Nations to push for more global gender equality, feminist scholars such as Tickner (2005) have argued that women suffer from discrimination that means they are still not being taken seriously at both an institutional and grassroots level. And, it is hard to read the case of Saudi Arabia vis-à-vis the United Nations as evidence of this changing. Discrimination and inequality for women remains, particularly in states that may be suffering from poverty, war or deprivation. And, when António Guterres became UN Secretary General in 2017 he continued an unbroken run of male leadership going back to the founding of the organization in 1945. As a result, and despite progress, feminists remain watchful over the United Nations and critical of its ability to achieve the results needed. A continued negative gendered perspective within the functioning of the organisation serves to slow or hinder structural change for women around the world. The critique seems to have caught on and Guterres (2020) has made commitments towards using his leadership to make this ‘the century of women’s equality’.E-International Relations, 2d ago
new EDUCATION current efforts mentioned were surprisingly few given the large proportion of educators (approximately 30%) were in the room. This could be because many attendees were already familiar with how to compost, and the conversation was instead focused on how to expand ease of and access to composting services in the region. This by no means is a full and complete list of the efforts in Greater Chicagoland, but rather a small sample. Efforts from Illinois Food Scrap & Composting Coalition (IFSCC) and Illinois Extension are well- documented due to the number of representatives from both organizations at the Summit. Other non-profits mentioned as currently providing education include Academy for Global Citizenship, Illinois Stewardship Alliance (ISA), Zero Waste Schools Program, SCARCE, The Conservation Foundation (Will County), and Urban Growers Collective. Special educational events and initiatives included 1-day compost collection events (such as the collaborations with Illinois Extension and partners like Plant Chicago, the Village of Park Forest, and Garfield Park Conservatory), International Compost Awareness Week (led by IFSCC), If It Grows, It Goes (a marketing campaign to spur compost usage from IFSCC) and Soil Health Week (led by ISA). Government-led education efforts were mentioned as coming from SWALCO (Solid Waste Agency of Lake County) and the City of Chicago’s pilot food scrap composting at NeighborSpace community gardens. The US Composting Council Composter Handbook was mentioned as a good national resource for educators. And it was noted that general composting education was happening in schools and via small community programs. A list of comments on Current Efforts in Education are displayed in Table 4, Appendix 1. INFRASTRUCTURE current efforts, like education current efforts, were not thoroughly documented with many comments needing to be recategorized as barriers or opportunities. In general, infrastructure current efforts fell into two broad categories, collection, and processing . Collection efforts were either free public drop off programs (Plant Chicago and Urban Growers Collective) and collection events or private fee-based drop-off and...extension.org, 2d ago
new On the Global Stocktake (GST), a key mechanism in the Paris Agreement to accelerate climate action, China wants a facilitative and solution-oriented process and is sensitive to finger pointing. In Chinese official jargon, the GST should “convey positive energy.” This is both a tactical consideration to avoid scrutiny on China’s emissions and a genuine desire derived from the reality of domestic politics – a perceived hostile international environment may fuel domestic backlashes on the climate agenda. The Chinese delegation will also be guarded against any attempt to deviate from the “nationally determined” nature of future NDCs. As a result, debates can be expected on the level of prescription related to the forward-looking part of the GST decision. In UNFCCC preparatory talks in June, China also insisted on a section dedicated to “international cooperation” in the draft GST text. This section is where Beijing wants to debate unilateralism and trade barriers and voice its concern on how these measures harm Chinese commercial interests and delay global decarbonisation.Eco-Business, 2d ago
new The report shows how crises around the world, ranging from economic inequality to geopolitical gridlock, are amplified by climate change and have disproportionate impacts on women and girls. It calls for a clear vision of feminist climate justice that integrates women’s rights into the global fight against environmental catastrophe.UN Women – Headquarters, 2d ago

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Agricultural research conducted in the U.S. benefits American farmers as well as those in developing countries, where crop yields lag significantly behind world averages. Doing our part to alleviate global hunger and malnutrition is the right thing to do, but it also leads to other tangible benefits. Countries that are more food-secure are ultimately more stable, which supports our national security interests, and evidence shows that when developing countries’ economies expand, they can become strong trading partners with the U.S. Ultimately, investing in agricultural research creates a win-win situation – keeping U.S. agriculture at the cutting edge while creating a more food-secure world for all.agri-pulse.com, 27d ago
Key Takeaways The social cost of carbon (SCC) is an important accounting exercise to estimate of the future costs to society caused by anthropogenic climate change driven by carbon emissions. There is significant variation in published studies on the SCC and experts expect that the true SCC is likely a lot higher than what is currently reported in the literature. Accounting for this variation and for recent modeling and parametric improvements yields a higher expected SCC. A recently updated EPA study raised previous estimates from $50/ton to closer to $210/ton, but may still be underestimating the true SCC. On November 13, Harvard Kennedy School hosted the environmental economist Frances Moore, whose recent work has focused on forecasting future damages and costs associated with anthropogenic climate change, something known as the “social cost of carbon” (SCC). While it is difficult to put a price on the disruption to lives, homes, and livelihoods by climate change, incorporating SCC into policymaking and corporate decision-making can be crucial to inform the cost-benefit analyses used to evaluate policies and investments that would reduce society's carbon emissions. And current studies in the literature may be significantly underestimating the true cost, according to Moore. As damages from climate disasters mount around the world, the cost of carbon emissions is becoming more and more evident. Last year, the 10 largest extreme weather events (including record floods in Pakistan, Hurricane Ian in the United States, and more) resulted in an estimated $169 billion in damages. While the idea that there is a social cost associated with carbon emissions is broadly catching on, it is difficult to establish how much. In 2007, U.S. federal agencies were ordered by the courts to consider the SCC in rulemaking processes, with a U.S. Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals remanding a DOT fuel economy rule for failing to assign a dollar value to CO2 emissions, stating that “while the record shows that there is a range of values, the value of carbon emissions reduction is certainly not zero.” “It’s essentially an accounting problem,” according to Moore, Associate Professor and the Hurlstone Presidential Chair in the Department of Environmental Science and Policy at the University of California Davis. She pointed to three primary models used today: the DICE model, FUND, and PAGE. Each attempts to convert the socio-economic impact of a changing climate into common units (discounted dollars) and add them up. These models are currently used within the United States, Canada, Germany, and several other countries to inform policymaking and carbon pricing. The large majority of SCC estimates, including current U.S. federal values (~$50/ton on average), come from these three models. However, growing critiques in the literature on SCC focus on these models’ dated representation of the climate system and expected damages as well as other limitations arising from significant uncertainties and model structure. Moore walked through several recent innovations in SCC model assumptions related to: the earth system and carbon cycles, the inclusion of climactic tipping points, the limited substitutability of certain goods, allowing transient changes in temperature to have persistent effects, accounting for the greater welfare loss of damages in poor regions, distinguishing risk and time preferences, allowing for learning over time, and accounting for model uncertainty. Numerous adjustments to these factors within the baseline modeling has resulted in a proliferation of different estimates. To make sense of the variation, Moore and her team compiled 147 studies from the published literature into one dataset to form a single SCC distribution. Their goal was to identify the structural model assumptions and parametric variation driving the variation in results, so that they could account for these differences and craft a “comprehensive” estimate closer to the “true social cost of carbon.” They then paired this literature survey with a qualitative survey sent to the authors of the papers they compiled, asking each one what they thought was the central value reported in the literature and what they think is the “true” central value. The consensus response was that authors expected a central value of $50 per ton of CO2 in the literature, versus a “true” value of $120/ton in reality, indicating a perceived discrepancy between published papers (many of them outdated) and what the experts would expect based on new methodologies or advancements. This suggests a downward publication bias, leading studies to report lower SCCs than might otherwise be expected. Although the distribution of 2020 SCC values the team constructed “does not have a clear statistical interpretation,” according to Moore, they identified several main sources of variation, including different damage function parameters, tipping points, limited substitutability, pure time preference, growth damage, distributional weights, endogenous adaptation, etc. As a result, they were able to train a predictive “Random Forest Model”—a machine learning algorithm that can flexibly handle nonlinear variation—to produce “synthetic” SCC distributions that match the structural and normative assessments from the surveyed experts. Far from the current consensus in the literature of a SCC of $50/ton (as reported in the expert surveys), Moore’s team’s model produced distributions with a much higher mean of $330/ton and a median of $298/ton. While this may seem like a shocking difference, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recently proposed an updated SCC of their own in 2022, with a mean of around $210/ton and median of around $160/ton, which is also significantly higher than the central tendency in the extant literature. The EPA notes this is due to “incorporating recent scientific advances” and updated methodology. Overall, Moore noted that while significant variation remains due to parametric and climate uncertainties, combining multiple elements of recent SCC improvements yields a much higher SCC than previously supposed. This is an important finding not only for updating the existing academic literature, but also with important implications for policymaking around the world as we seek to properly understand the future cost to society associated with continued carbon emissions, informing cost-benefit analyses of reducing emissions in the near-term or even the formation of a price on carbon.Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, 7d ago
The idea that increasing agricultural productivity will free up land for biodiversity and solve global hunger is gaining popularity in Europe and beyond. In Our World in Data, Hannah Ritchie argued that “If we can find ways to produce enough food on less cropland we can preserve more habitat for the world’s wildlife.” In December 2022, Dutch MP Nilüfer Gündoğan claimed that thanks to agricultural intensification, “in Europe alone, we could give 75 per cent of our agricultural surface back to nature, without this leading to cold winters, food shortages, economic scarcity.”...resilience, 27d ago

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new Then, in 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic shut down schools, businesses, and critical social services nationwide, leaving many low-income people isolated and desperate — facing the loss of their jobs, homes, or both. The same year, police murdered George Floyd, a Black man in Minneapolis, which released pent-up fury over racial discrimination by law enforcement, education, and other institutions — sparking nationwide protests and calls to cut police funding.In the midst of this racial reckoning and facing the threats of an unknown and deadly virus, Americans bought even more guns, forcing some cities, such as Raleigh, North Carolina; Chicago; New York City; and Oakland, to confront a new wave of violent crime.“There was emotional damage. There was physical damage,” said James Jackson, CEO of Alameda Health System, whose Wilma Chan Highland Hospital Campus, a regional trauma center in Oakland, treated 502 gunshot victims last year, compared with 283 in 2019. “And I think some of this violence that we’re seeing is a manifestation of the damage that people experienced.”Jackson is among a growing chorus of health experts who describe gun violence as a public health crisis that disproportionately affects Black and Hispanic residents in poor neighborhoods, the very people who disproportionately struggle with Type 2 diabetes and other preventable health conditions. COVID further eviscerated these communities, Jackson added.While the pandemic has retreated, gun violence has not. Oaklanders, many of whom take pride in the ethnic diversity of their city, are overwhelmingly upset about the rise in violent crime — the shootings, thefts, and other street crimes. At town halls, City Council meetings, and protests, a broad cross-section of residents say they no longer feel safe.Programs that worked a few years ago don’t seem to be making a dent now. City leaders are spending millions to hire more police officers and fund dozens of community initiatives, such as placing violence prevention teams at high schools to steer kids away from guns and crime.Yet gun ownership in America is at a historic high, even in California, which gun control advocates say has the strictest gun laws in the country. More than 1 million Californians bought a gun during the first year of the pandemic, according to the latest data from the state attorney general.As Alameda County District Attorney Pamela Price told an audience at a September town hall in East Oakland: “We are in a unique, crazy time where everybody in this community has a gun.”...Governing, 2d ago
new The United States announced a multi-year U.S. pledge of $3 billion for the GCF for its Second Replenishment, subject to the availability of funds. This funding will support the GCF in its mission to mobilize finance to help developing countries reduce their emissions, enhance energy security through diversification of energy sources, assist the most vulnerable to adapt to climate impacts, and strengthen the resilience of their economies and critical infrastructure. In the context of our pledge, the United States will continue to champion an ambitious GCF evolution agenda to help ensure that future U.S. funds provided to the GCF have maximum impact for U.S. taxpayers with respect to climate and diplomacy.United States Department of State, 2d ago
new Dubai, United Arab Emirates | 2 December 2023 – CGIAR, the world’s largest publicly-funded agricultural research network, has secured more than USD 890 million to accelerate progress against the ongoing global food and climate crises. With this funding, CGIAR will expand its work supporting smallholder farmers in low- and middle-income countries to shape more resilient, sustainable, and equitable food systems, reduce emissions from farming, and boost access to nutritious, healthy diets.CGIAR, 2d ago
new KAREN HAO: I wanna start by unpacking the word "safety" first. And I know we've sort of been talking about a lot of different words with squishy definitions, but safety is another one of those where AI safety as OpenAI defines it, is kind of different from what we would typically think around like engineering safety. You know, there, there have been other disciplines, you know, like when we talk about a bridge being safe, it means that it holds up and it works and it resists kind of collapsing under the weight of a normal volume of traffic or even like a massive volume of traffic. With AI safety, the brand of OpenAI's AI safety, they- it is more related to this, this kind of extreme risk they have. Again, they have started adopting more of this like also focusing on current harms like discrimination, but it is primarily focused on these extreme risks. So the question I guess to to kind of reiterate is sort of like will OpenAI continue to focus on research that is very heavily indexed on extreme risks? I think so, but how are they going to change the structure to make sure that these ideological clashes don't happen again? I don't actually think that's possible, and I also think that part of what we learned from this weekend is that we shouldn't actually be waiting for OpenAI to do something about this. There will always be ideological struggles again because of this fundamental problem that we have, which is that no one knows what AGI is, no one agrees with what it is. It's all a projection of your own ideology, your own beliefs and the AI research talent pool and the broader Silicon Valley talent pool of engineers, product managers, all of those people are also ideologically split on these kind of techno-optimist versus existential-risk divides. So the, even if you try to restructure or rehire or shuffle things around, you're always going to kind of get an encapsulation of this full range of ideological beliefs within the company, and you're going to end up with these battles because of disagreements around what is actually- what are we actually working on and how do we actually get there. So I personally think that one of the biggest lessons to take away is for policymakers and for other members of the general public and consumers to recognize that this company and this technology is very much made by people. It's very much the product of conscious decisions and, and an imprint of very specific ideologies. And if we actually want to facilitate a better future with better AI technologies and AI technologies that are also applied in better ways, and it's actually up to much more than OpenAI it's up to policymakers to regulate the company, it's up to consumers to make decisions that kind of financially pressure the company to continue moving towards directions that we collectively as a society believe are more appropriate. And ultimately what this boils down to is I think like AI is such an important technology and so consequential for everyone that it needs to have more democratic processes around its development and its governance. We can't really rely on a company or a board that is, you know, tiny to represent the interests of all of humanity.Big Think, 2d ago
new In conclusion, ITA decisions demonstrate a pattern of increasing control over the lives of Afghan citizens and the operational environment of humanitarian responders. New regulations are shaping various aspects of daily life and increasingly restricting women’s access to education, health, and work and the modalities and content of aid delivery. While Afghans’ everyday lives are still not as restricted as during the first Islamic Emirate (1996–2001), the trend of ITA decisions suggests that Afghan society is gradually inching towards the same situation.ReliefWeb, 2d ago
new Most importantly, the RISE grant helped Northeastern purchase its simulators, which include a birth simulator, a pediatric simulator and two adult simulators. Using the simulators students can do everything from listen to heartbeats and breathing sounds to insert a catheter and their patients are even able to talk to them and answer questions.Instructors shared that the simulators are invaluable because they help students grow their confidence and figure out what they still need to learn while realizing just how much they already know. Plus, it's a great place for students to apply what they've learned in the classroom.Nursing students commented that the simulators help make them more comfortable, teach them time management, provide valuable hands-on experience outside of the classroom and allow them to work on their critical thinking skills."I like simulation because it is a place for me to make errors and not have to worry about killing the patients," Brandon Williams said.Before watching a demonstration of the birth simulator, the group heard from Jennifer Garcia, a student who benefited from the RISE grant and in May will be graduating with an RN (Registered Nursing) degree. From California, she was working a dead-end job when her sister was accepted into NJC's program and encouraged her to enroll. After taking a job at Sterling Regional MedCenter as an inventory associate to make sure that healthcare was right for her, she fell in love almost immediately and went to work earning her CNA degree."Being from out of state it's been very difficult for me," Garcia said, explaining that the cost for her to attend Northeastern is much higher than a student who has lived here all of their life. "I wasn't sure I would be able to afford it and then came the RISE grant. It just lifted this great burden off me and I was able to focus all of my time and attention into preparing my skills.""I am very grateful to the RISE grant for everything it has given me because I feel that I have a purpose," Garcia added, sharing that she plans to work in the community when she graduates.Next, Giacomini shared how for years, she and Brower discussed how they could partner with students coming in, who often come from a country where they were a veterinarian or a doctor but now they need to get the skills and credentials to be able to work in the United States. Through the RISE grant, they were able to remove the financial barrier for some of the students and it also helped them create an integrated education and training program.Northeastern found a cohort of students whose language proficiency was just enough that they could have a basic conversation but they needed language skills specific to a CNA, which they got through a customized English training that was developed. The college also worked with them on workforce preparation skills like communication, time management, learning cultural differences, etc."It was great to finally pilot this program that we'd been trying for so long to get together," Giacomini said, adding that now those students are recruiting others to the CNA program.Next, was the simulation, which involved a pregnant woman who came in stable but started deteriorating with her heart rate and blood pressure showing signs of distress and her oxygen level dropping. She then experienced an eclamptic seizure due to high blood pressure and when the mother awakened it was determined she was in labor. The mother went on to deliver a healthy baby girl, who was examined for any problems and vaccinated.After the simulation, the group heard from Shelly Griffith, CEO of Eben Ezer Lutheran Care Center, one of Northeastern's main clinical sites for both nursing and CNA students."We rely heavily on (NJC) to help train CNAs, individuals who are looking to pursue an entry point into the medical field," she said. "The beauty of NJC is they have been able to flex some schedules and be able to accommodate those who may need to be working full-time while they are looking to grow their career options."NJC's program is especially critical given the shortage of healthcare workers. Griffith shared Eben Ezer has a need for 20 CNAs right now,"What's happening is the demand for our service is significant and so people are having to go on a wait list, which means that many people, their needs are not being met because nursing homes throughout the rural communities are not able to meet that need because of limited staffing levels," she explained.Following her remarks, guests had a chance to try out the simulators themselves.The day ended with a panel discussion that included Tamara Durbin, executive director of Northeast Colorado BOCES; Kyle Stumpf, Superintendent of Holyoke School District; Danielle Ongart, Executive Director of Colorado Department of Education's Student Pathways; and Misti Ruthven, Director of Education and Training Innovation for the Office of Governor Polis.They talked about the importance of career connected learning as it benefits both students and the economy by opening students' eyes to career opportunities they might want to consider. Stumpf mentioned the success of his district's internship program.The group also talked about some of the barriers that exist to providing this, the biggest being cost, especially in northeast Colorado where it costs a lot to transport students from their school to another school that offers the program they're interested in. There is also the challenge of trying to ensure all students have equitable access. Durbin pointed out that students who live in northeast Colorado need to have the same opportunities available to them as those on the Front Range.During a question and answer session with the audience, Trae Miller, executive director of the Logan County Economic Development Corporation, pointed out that internships and apprenticeships sound great but the state requirements that go into those and the reporting aspects create a barrier for businesses to participate in those programs. He also shared that students need help with basic skills such as showing up on time and learning how to take instruction.Ongart suggested there needs to be a regional entity in place to help students and businesses navigate this, so it doesn't all fall on the district or the business, and Stumpf mentioned his district teaches a class an hour a day with all of those skills and they also provide businesses with funding to help offset the costs of doing an internship.State Sen. Byron Pelton asked why the state is reinventing the wheels with apprenticeships, instead of learning from what's in place now. He said his frustration with recent legislation regarding apprenticeships is "you're going to have a lot of outside forces that are going to try to do their best to send it one way or the other when we need to just worry about the entire workforce, not just a little part of it; we need to worry about the entire workforce." Pelton pointed out in two years, half of Colorado's electrical trade will be retiring, "so we've got to get more people in there," he commented.He also said would like for time in college courses to count toward credit for both college and high school, which he plans to introduce a bill to require."We realize the importance of apprenticeships and we have challenges in trying to determine those opportunities for youth in high schools and have that be seamless for them," Durbin said, adding that it's something they are working on.©2023 Journal-Advocate, Sterling, Colo. Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLC.GovTech, 2d ago

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Why the Global South in particular? In their early attempts to accelerate their society’s advancement post independence, developing countries sought the aid of Western researchers and scientists to provide insights on problems confronting their populations. As Mahmood Mamdani noted, “apologists of the British Rule in India made overpopulation an excuse for the poverty of the masses.” The western influence on public programs to tackle social issues that permeated throughout the newly decolonised nations resulted in conflating overpopulation to be the cause of poverty, and not the other way around. Several demographers and epidemiologists, however, have proved that reproduction is directly related to mortality, since when there are more deaths (due to sickness, starvation, calamity, and oppression) the human instinctively reproduces more to ensure survival of the gene. Subsequently, as conditions improve and mortality rates decline, reproduction rates fall simultaneously.theswaddle.com, 17d ago
Indigenous food is culture. It is tradition. It reflects the landscape of Native communities. And, it adds value to USDA’s priorities that are addressing climate change, tackling food and nutrition insecurity, and creating more and better market opportunities that advance rural prosperity. Advancing Tribal food sovereignty initiatives is key to addressing hunger, economic, and health issues in Native communities. USDA is committed to identifying opportunities to empower and strengthen Tribes and Tribal food systems by addressing these kinds of challenges. One example of this is USDA’s Local Food Purchase Assistance program. This program provides funding to Tribes so they can work directly with their own partners to purchase food from local farmers and ranchers and use that for emergency food assistance.usda.gov, 4d ago
We might also be lured in by the feeling of control afforded to us by the microbiome. In the mid-1970s, the social critic Ivan Illich described the “medicalization of life” as a sinister transformation of collective problems like pollution, food insecurity, and exploitative labor practices into scientifically legible, clinically profitable diagnoses. Ravella, Nelson, and Chutkan suggest that the reverse is possible, and that caring for one’s digestive system could also address sociopolitical issues. “Once you understand that you, as the host, are in the driver’s seat when it comes to battling viruses,” Chutkan writes in her instructions on Covid prevention, “the path forward for how to emerge victorious becomes clear.” In the face of the intractable problems that loom over our lives—corporate farming, global warming, zoonotic infections—what a gift it is to have something to do about them, no matter how little sense it makes.The New York Review of Books, 18d ago
In conclusion, I amplify four anti–plastic pollution hashtag trends that have critically interrupted the rise of hegemonic plastic propaganda through networked cultures of care. First, there has been increased calls for regulation of #Greenwashing to start to hold corporations—from oil companies to the beverage industry—accountable for when they claim to be “green,” but actually are promoting and enacting practices that actually harm the planet. Second, #BreakFreeFromPlastic Coalition’s annual #BrandAudit has begun collecting waste on our coastlines globally to hold corporations accountable in the court of public opinion for the entire lifecycle of their products. Third, there has been a global movement to imagine a world #BeyondPlastics/ #ÈtèSansPlastique/#SinPlástico through which, I suggest, we might recall “every person is necessary, every plastic is not.” This trend not only suggests new ideas, but also recovers traditions and local solidarity economies through which we can once again live with less plastic. And, finally, there is #Tortuga—a shorthand for the many movements to resist marine life endangerment as a way of recovering the value of radical relationality. As our species’ hubris appears unsustainable, it is compelling to consider how some are (re)connecting with nonhuman kin.UC Press Blog, 28d ago
In Chile, a reverse movement of a different kind was also seen, once again partly related to shifting dynamics of regional security. Chile introduced a process in 2018 to facilitate access to a residence permit for Venezuelans. The process, however, was slow and did not an initial right to work as people waited for their permit. This meant that many sought work on the black market which comes without access to social rights connected to the regular labour market status. That led to some calculating that leaving Chile would be a better solution. Added to this, widespread political protests within Chile broke out in 2019. While Chile is undoubtedly much safer than Venezuela, those with pending residence permits faced being stuck in a slow-moving bureaucratic process with uncertainty over how the political context might evolve – especially as Chilean society faces its own problems and shifting priorities.E-International Relations, 7d ago
The World Bank and the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria have inked a new Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to enhance their collaboration in strengthening health systems in Global South countries. This partnership aims to facilitate more efficient, effective, and sustainable financing, particularly in the face of climate change. With over half of the global population lacking full access to essential health services, the collaboration focuses on climate and health priorities to combat diseases like malaria, HIV/AIDS, and tuberculosis (TB) by fortifying health systems.Global Trade Magazine, 11d ago

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new All of the children who attended the meeting at Otts-Rubenstein’s house were recommended for different CPS schools, but Otts-Rubenstein said she still had concerns. She said many of the schools might not have the support that they need. She notices things that the district might not, she said.It will take a lot for the migrants — who have never left their children with others — to trust city officials to provide adequate care. She said it took a lot for her to trust the school where she now sends her daughter.Otts-Rubenstein was especially disappointed by the district’s assessment of Keinymar and made a list of points the district missed: trauma care to help her cope with the stress of the long journey, visual impairment resources, technology to keep her engaged, direct nursing assistance and transportation.“The fact that she doesn’t have a paraprofessional included on the bus, right? That’s a big problem and a big miss. Why did I catch that and the committee didn’t?” she asked.She said Keinymar’s family shouldn’t accept the district’s academic goals for Keinymar without asking for additional staffing and support.“We can revisit goals and make them more cued into Keinymar once she is able to attend school safely,” wrote Otts-Rubenstein in an email to the district.Students with disabilities are protected under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, said Rachel Shapiro, managing attorney in the special education clinic at Equip for Equality. If parents don’t agree with the district’s designation for their child, she said, they can schedule a mediation to look at other types of accommodations.“Special education students always have a right to go to school,” she said. “It’s important for parents to understand that, even if they’re not U.S. citizens, that their kids have these rights.”...Governing, 2d ago
new Recent analysis, including a new report by financial analytics firm Risk Control, bolsters one of many of these recommendations, suggesting that by putting in place modern risk management techniques and innovations, the World Bank could unlock nearly $190 billion in additional lending without risking a credit downgrade. Moreover, securitization—an entirely common way of obtaining leverage in the commercial world—of 10 percent of the World Bank’s portfolio of sovereign loans could further generate an additional $29 billion to $41 billion in new lending headroom. As other multilateral development banks follow suit, the amount of liquidity in the international financial system should increase dramatically, allowing emerging economies to invest more sustainably in their own green transformations and their people.Foreign Policy, 2d ago
new She added that “As a stakeholder in the HR industry, I believe the government plays a role in shaping the landscape for economic development and wealth creation. Government strengthening educational platforms by investing in a robust educational framework that aligns with the demands of the contemporary workforce. It includes fostering partnerships between educational institutions and industry players to ensure graduates are adequately prepared for the dynamic challenges of the workplace. Introducing comprehensive Employment insurance schemes through centralized platforms can be a transformative step. Such initiatives would provide a safety net for individuals in between jobs by offering financial support and access to skill development programs that enhance employability. Reviewing and modernizing existing labour laws is imperative to meet the current economic landscape’s demands. This involves ensuring that regulations are flexible, adaptive, and supportive of innovation. A balanced approach is crucial to safeguard workers’ rights while creating an environment conducive to business growth and job creation. There is the need to continuously foster a conducive environment for entrepreneurship. It can be achieved by simplifying bureaucratic processes, offering financial incentives, and providing mentorship programs to encourage the establishment and growth of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).”...The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News, 2d ago

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The nature of poverty in South Africa largely stems from the enduring legacy of colonial and apartheid policies, but also the prolonged low levels of economic growth in more recent times which has been insufficient to generate the economic resources necessary to alleviate poverty. Under colonialism the indigenous population was used as slave labour for the Dutch and British settlers. This was expanded with the arrival of slaves from the Indian sub-continent. Despite the abolition of slavery in the early 1800s rights and economic resources were still demarcated racially. Apartheid, which emerged officially in 1948, entrenched the inequitable and racially defined distribution of rights to social services and access to economic resources to the minority white population and further marginalised the majority Black population.E-International Relations, 3d ago
Today, in commemoration of World AIDS Day, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), through the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), released the latest Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program data, which show that nine out of ten people with HIV receiving medical care through the program are virally suppressed. Viral suppression means people with HIV taking their medication cannot sexually transmit HIV and can live longer and healthier lives. The percentage of Black/African American clients, Hispanic/Latino clients, and youth and young adult clients receiving care through the program and achieving viral suppression all far exceed overall national viral suppression rates. This announcement highlights the Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program’s vital role in expanding access to care for individuals with HIV, improving HIV health outcomes, and ending the HIV epidemic in the United States.HHS.gov, 3d ago
Unhealthy dietary choices (e.g., low consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes and high consumption of red and processed meat, added sugar, and salt) are key contributors to the development of non-communicable diseases and premature deaths (19% of total deaths in Europe in 2017). Alongside this, our current global food production system has a negative impact on the environment. Agriculture alone generates 30% of greenhouse gas emissions and uses 70% of freshwater resources.Open Access Government, 3d ago
First, a culture of urgency is essential. What I mean by “culture of urgency” is to unite all constituents around a mission and to be clear about where we currently fall short. Urgency does not mean to place so much pressure on teachers and staff that their longevity in the profession is unlikely. Often, in urban education, urgency is created from an incident. Boston Latin School received national attention in 2016 when Black students at BLS shared issues on campus that resulted in their feeling unseen and unheard. After this, we worked in partnership with the Boston Public Schools Office of Equity to build new systems for reporting bias-based incidents. We also engaged in whole-staff professional development and school-wide dialogues about race and equity. Our personnel committee worked intentionally to further diversify our staff so that more students saw themselves in the adults around them—we hired talented educators across racial, gender, and sexuality identities, including the first Asian American and openly LGBTQ+ assistant heads of school in the institution’s history. Hiring with diverse representation as a core value is not, as some would claim, putting identity politics ahead of education. Actually, it’s crucially important to educational success. We watched our students find outlets on staff when experiencing microaggressions, when seeking to institute new programming on campus, or when desiring a space to just be.Education Next, 3d ago
Charter schools have, over the past thirty-plus years, expanded educational opportunities, especially for the kids who need them most, and have injected much-needed educational pluralism into the landscape of American education. But one kind of pluralism—religious pluralism—has been off the table. Religious schools, which have been among the most important sources of educational pluralism, and which have served with distinctions millions of students—including many low-income students who otherwise would lack access to a high-quality education—have long been told they cannot be charter schools. The recent developments in Oklahoma finally give religious schools a new answer, opening the door to an authentically pluralistic charter school landscape. That is a good thing.Education Next, 3d ago
PwDs are particularly vulnerable in this dire situation of war and, experience poorer health. People with disabilities also experience inequalities on a number of other socio-economic measures, as they are more likely than those who do not have a disability to experience poverty, violence, social exclusion, housing insecurity, and have less opportunity to engage in meaningful work. Persons with disabilities in Ukraine were already vulnerable before the war broke out, however since the start of the invasion, they are experiencing multiple barriers and immense difficulties to flee the conflict-affected areas, resulting in risks to their lives, and many struggle to meet daily needs and challenges in accessing humanitarian assistance.UNDP, 3d ago

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While critical, however, this shift is not without risk. Unless governments put proactive policies in place, a rapid economic transition could create or worsen social inequality, displacement and economic disruptions, including unemployment; the International Labour Organization estimates that around 80 million jobs could be lost due to the climate transition. Stakes are especially high for the countries and communities that still depend on fossil fuels and other emissions-intensive sectors for their livelihoods.World Resources Institute, 3d ago
Male reproduction is mainly limited by access to females (Bateman, 1948), therefore, torpor or estivation by males could reduce male reproductive success. Furthermore, sperm quantity and quality is dependent on body temperature (Moore, 1926; Pérez-Crespo et al., 2008) and while typically resolved by externalizing the testes to the scrotum during excessive heat, a decrease in body temperature, as is seen in females (discussed below), could reduce sperm viability. Maintaining consistent body temperatures also allows for regular biological reactions, such as enzymatic processes and protein folding which have evolved to function best at a single temperature and can influence a series of functions not directly related to reproduction, such as growth rate, metabolic biorhythms and environmental sensing (Glucksmann, 1974; Hochachka and Somero, 2002; McPherson and Chenoweth, 2012; Calisi et al., 2018). Our data support this as body temperature was unchanged for dehydrated males compared with their hydrated counterparts for the entire experiment, suggesting a maintenance of reproductive investment at the cost of long-term survival.The Company of Biologists, 3d ago
Alongside the falsity-as-property perspective, another prominent approach focuses on the process by which misinformation comes into being or how truth claims are defined. Such a perspective is particularly promoted by the postmodern critique of truth and knowledge. To this, Foucault's truth and power diagram is a case in point. Foucault's (1980) theorisation of Regime of Truth illuminates the importance of discourse and power contestation in shaping how and why certain information is legitimised as 'truth' while others are sanctioned as 'falsehood'. On the one hand, we acknowledge that the postmodernist impossibility of truth, or a complete rejection of objective truth, has limited merit for many research agendas in contemporary misinformation studies. For example, research efforts to develop debunking strategies, misinformation detection, and understanding its impacts, necessitate a dedication to evaluation and evidence-based analysis for the purpose of distinguishing between accurate information and falsehoods. On the other hand, we echo Marres’ (2018) cautionary note regarding the risks associated with normative demarcation around misinformation and argue that a theoretical lens emphasising the contentious aspects of the falsity/truth dichotomy can be productive. It encourages a non-normative perspective and directs greater attention to the technological and societal contexts in which problematic information emerges. In today's online space, as we will discuss further in the following sections, truth validation and selection are influenced by competing interests between knowledge communities online, as well as by contradicting subjectivities of human and non-human actors (Marres, 2018). Recent years have seen a growing trend of instrumentalising misinformation-related terms as a rhetorical weapon (Egelhofer & Lecheler, 2019). In authoritarian countries where both journalistic and scientific expertise serve as political apparatus and where 'misinformation' is used to prosecute dissidents (Rahimi, 2011; Yadav et al., 2021; Zeng et al., 2017). To problematise misinformation in these aforementioned contexts requires our attention to be shifted from the face value of 'falsehood' to revealing the power dynamics that permeate false arbitration and truth claims.Internet Policy Review, 3d ago
Amidst the escalating climate crisis and compounding agricultural challenges, a shift in our agricultural systems to work with planetary boundaries is becoming increasingly imperative. Farmers and agriculture value-chain players are feeling the detrimental effects of unsustainable practices. To avert the impending environmental and socio-economic catastrophes, regenerative agriculture emerges as a powerful solution—one that is adaptive, mitigative, and resilient.World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD), 3d ago
The persistent impact of structural racism, which involves unequal access to resources, services, and opportunities based on race, significantly contributes to the health disparities observed between Black and white women during midlife. Black women often experience systemic barriers to accessing quality health care, educational opportunities, economic stability, and suitable housing. These disparities can lead to higher levels of stress, limited health care choices, and reduced preventive care. Chronic stress and limited access to adequate health care can exacerbate health conditions and contribute to a range of issues during midlife, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, mental health challenges, and other chronic conditions. Additionally, the impact of structural racism extends to health care practices, where biases and stereotypes held by health care professionals can affect the quality of care provided to Black women. A 2023 survey from The Menopause Society found that “only 31.3% of responding obstetrics and gynecology program directors reported menopause education was included in their residents’ training,” while a 2019 study published in Mayo Clinic Proceedings found that less than 10% of OB-GYNs felt adequately trained to support menopausal people in their practices. In 2021, Dr. Cindy Duke, a reproductive endocrinologist, virologist, and fertility specialist, told me, “Menopause, in general, isn’t taught a lot, not even in our training programs, unless you’re fortunate enough to be in a program where there is someone who’s decided, ‘This is my life’s work, this is my life’s mission: to learn about menopause and teach the next generation of women’s health specialists about menopause.’”...YES! Magazine, 3d ago
Unlike urban areas where trauma hospitals are easily accessible, in this part of the country injured patients can be several hours away from help. As a result, patients are more likely to succumb to their injuries before reaching a hospital, according to an analysis of federal data by The Dallas Morning News, in collaboration with medical researchers from the University of Alabama at Birmingham.Each year, medical researchers estimate tens of thousands of Americans bleed to death despite having injuries they could have survived, a reality that trauma physicians have decried as a health crisis. Traumatic injury is the top killer of children and adults under the age of 45, claiming the life of an American about every 3½ minutes. Yet medical specialists argue it receives little federal funding for research that could help improve outcomes compared with other leading causes of death.Nationwide, paramedics often lack the tools they need to treat severe internal bleeding, and patients have sporadic access to lifesaving interventions like blood transfusions before arriving at a hospital. Injured patients routinely bleed out before reaching a doctor, despite scientific advances that make blood transfusions on ambulances possible.For decades, trauma specialists posited that seriously wounded patients should be treated at an equipped hospital within the “golden hour” immediately following their injuries. More recent research from the past several years suggests the critical window is closer to a half-hour for severely bleeding patients, whose risk of dying grows with each minute they don’t receive blood and other crucial treatments.Above-average proportions of people dying of their injuries before they reach a hospital indicate more lives could potentially be saved, researchers say.The News’ analysis found trauma care in the U.S. is starkly inequitable, in that where you live can determine whether you survive. Nationwide, there is unequal access to emergency medical services and trauma hospitals equipped to treat the most severe injuries. The problem is most severe in the more rural West and South.The News used Centers for Disease Control and Prevention mortality statistics to compare the number of prehospital to in-hospital trauma deaths for all U.S. states and most counties from 1999 through 2020. It also mapped the locations of high-level trauma hospitals nationwide and calculated the approximate travel times to them for every part of the U.S.Governing, 3d ago

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Investment in healthcare will also help. Extreme heat related mortality is higher in areas with fewer hospital beds per capita. More equitable access to better healthcare will ultimately help across a range of outcomes, from emergency admissions to earlier diagnosis and better long term survival of melanoma. Heat related health education programmes and health-warnings (including emergency alerts) need to consider issues of equity and access (for example, bridging gaps in health literacy and the digital divide).21...The BMJ, 3d ago
The important thing to know is that health disparities are not by chance—they are by design. They are the direct result of intentional policies that limit things, like access to care, or create social circumstances that increase the risk of disease. You mentioned slavery, which in this country is our original sin. And the legacies of slavery still impact just about every aspect of American life.harvard.edu, 3d ago
Case in point: despite online learning likely being our greatest tool for dramatically scaling programs at a fraction of the cost, those cited in the article did not reference it once as a solution, and it’s not because some of the universities mentioned in the article haven’t yet dipped their toes into the world of tech-enabled learning. Today, both innovative online universities and established brick-and-mortar institutions are leveraging online learning to provide students with greater flexibility and personal ownership over their experience; recently it was reported that 70 percent of college students are enrolled in at least one online course.But offering online courses or even programs doesn’t necessarily mean an institution is fully capitalizing on technology’s potential to significantly expand access to education and address workforce needs. As with any innovation, its potential rests in how it’s deployed. Unfortunately, promising innovations like online learning are often deployed with the same artificial constraints that exist in traditional models of learning, for instance faculty teaching loads, synchronous virtual lectures, and fixed-pace schedules.Inside Higher Ed | Higher Education News, Events and Jobs, 3d ago

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The livelihood in Somalia is marked by extreme poverty and a state of underdevelopment. According to the NGO CONCERN, nearly 70% of the population lives below the internationally defined poverty line, meaning a person earns less than $2.15 per day, a percentage which is significantly higher in rural areas. This dire economic situation can largely be attributed to the state of the formal economy, which has been severely hampered by a prolonged civil war and the federal government’s inability to effectively regulate economic activities across the entire nation. The risk of businesses falling prey to looting is high, and fluctuating inflation rates continually disrupt the market. As a stark illustration, the cost of living in Mogadishu, the country’s capital, is a staggering 137% higher than in Tokyo. Adding to this already challenging scenario is the impact of the war in Ukraine, which has further exacerbated poverty levels in Somalia. Ukraine plays a vital role as one of the primary wheat exporters to Somalia, Sudan, and South Sudan. With a 36% increase in the cost of the food basket in Somalia, many residents find themselves at a critical juncture where they must decide between selling their assets or living without access to adequate food.The Organization for World Peace, 12d ago
But solutions exist that include culturally appropriate food systems to ensure access to affordable, nutritious, safe and preferred foods. Additionally, new research avenues tailored to unique health determinants in the North can inform Inuit-specific actions to prevent disease development linked to diet and food insecurity.medicalxpress.com, 12d ago
Reuters reports that Brazil’s top climate negotiator Andre Correa do Lago has said that the nation plans to propose a “huge” fund to pay for the conservation of tropical forests at the UN COP28 climate change summit that begins next week in Dubai. The newswire adds: “That potential financing mechanism, not previously reported, would be the latest in a proliferation of multilateral environmental funds. Countries agreed in the past year to establish a giant fund dedicated to biodiversity and another to pay for the destruction caused by climate change…Brazil presented the idea of a tropical forest conservation fund on Thursday at a meeting with ministers from seven other Amazon rainforest countries…’It’s a conceptual proposal with a view to create a fund to help conserve tropical forests around the world…in 80 countries,’ Correa do Lago said. He said that the proposal is not finalised and Brazil is seeking support and suggestions from the other rainforest nations. Asked if the fund would rival $100bn in annual funding previously promised by rich nations in climate financing, Correa do Lago declined to give the proposed size of the fund, but said it would be ‘huge’. The fund would not value forest conservation in terms of carbon, like many existing schemes, since protecting forests would primarily prevent further greenhouse gas emissions rather than absorbing additional carbon dioxide already in the atmosphere, Correa do Lago said. He said the value would likely instead be linked to the area of forest measured in hectares, or units of 0.01 square kilometres. The international proposal to conserve forests will be partnered with a domestic program to reforest destroyed areas. Brazil also will launch plans at COP28 for an ‘Arc of Restoration’ to counter the so-called arc of deforestation that is advancing ever deeper into the Amazon.” Relatedly, Reuters also reports that Brazil’s president Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva said yesterday that the nation could reach historically low levels of deforestation in “one to two years”. And another Reuters article notes that Lula said that Brazil will “focus on reducing hunger and poverty, slowing climate change and global governance reform when it heads the G20 group of the world’s largest economies starting next month”.Carbon Brief, 10d ago
At some point, policymakers will surely have to face up to what is coming down the track and attempt to change course. That process is never going to be easy, but the longer we leave it, the harder it will get. Radical reform of pensions, social care, and the health service is essential. But we should not just focus on the public spending side of things. An all-encompassing programme of economic liberalisation could, if it succeeded in raising the growth rate, make the burdens of an ageing population much easier to bear. Similarly, if we can help people to have more children today, tomorrow’s old-age dependency ratio will start to look a lot more manageable.CapX, 13d ago
This welcomed development comes at a time when climatic stressors and shocks are altering food, land, and water systems for millions, and driving important socioeconomic challenges for food security and the stability of rural livelihoods across the Philippines. Although climate change and environmental degradation affect everyone, social groups experience these effects differently, at times reinforcing patterns of marginalisation and inequality. As such, environmental and climatic threats to livelihoods and access to resources can compound existing drivers of conflict. At the same time, societal efforts to increase resilience in the face of climate threats can serve as an entry point to protect the livelihoods of conflict-affected populations, foster engagement and trust between conflictive parties, and strengthen the relation between states and societies. If planned accordingly, climate action can be an instrument for peace.CGIAR, 19d ago
We report the results of a structured expert elicitation to identify the most likely types of potential food system disruption scenarios for the UK, focusing on routes to civil unrest. We take a backcasting approach by defining as an end-point a societal event in which 1 in 2000 people have been injured in the UK, which 40% of experts rated as “Possible (20–50%)”, “More likely than not (50–80%)” or “Very likely (>80%)” over the coming decade. Over a timeframe of 50 years, this increased to 80% of experts. The experts considered two food system scenarios and ranked their plausibility of contributing to the given societal scenario. For a timescale of 10 years, the majority identified a food distribution problem as the most likely. Over a timescale of 50 years, the experts were more evenly split between the two scenarios, but over half thought the most likely route to civil unrest would be a lack of total food in the UK. However, the experts stressed that the various causes of food system disruption are interconnected and can create cascading risks, highlighting the importance of a systems approach. We encourage food system stakeholders to use these results in their risk planning and recommend future work to support prevention, preparedness, response and recovery planning.tabledebates.org, 18d ago

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Kleinau emphasised the importance of cocoa farmers receiving a wage that meets the living benchmark in order to have a “decent standard of living”, something that includes having a roof over their head and access to education and clean water. Putting words into action, Kleinau explained to the attendees how Nestlé’s Income Accelerator Programme includes various initiatives that are designed to directly support its cocoa supply chain, working with people on the ground and giving back for their agricultural efforts.New Food Magazine, 4d ago
Although the U.S. faces population growth and aging challenges in the decades ahead, we are still in a better position than many other developed countries such as Japan, Italy, Germany, and other European nations—due in large part to the healthy immigration levels we experienced over the past 30 to 40 years. While immigration remains a hot-button political issue that focuses on illegal immigrants and asylum seekers, it is crucial to move the discussion to a serious analysis of the importance of immigration for the nation’s demographic and economic growth, and how broad policies such as comprehensive immigration reform can address our future needs. The new census projections should play a central role in those discussions.Brookings, 4d ago
Pharmacy access programs: There are pharmacy deserts nationwide, with one mile or more between a neighborhood and pharmacy. This makes it difficult to get to a pharmacy without a vehicle. Pharmacy deserts also exist in low-income neighborhoods containing at least 100 households with transportation barriers (i.e., no vehicle), and at least 0.5 miles between the neighborhood and nearest pharmacy. One-third of all Black and Latino neighborhoods in Los Angeles are pharmacy deserts, per a USC Schaeffer study. Pharmacy access programs provide numerous ways to ensure these communities can access prescription medications, such as through pharmacies with a delivery service, whether courier or mail. Real-time drug cost transparency services and programs: Federal and state regulations now require health plans to provide real-time pharmacy benefits information to prescribers at the time of prescribing and to beneficiaries through web and mobile applications. This gives them instant information about out-of-pocket costs and lower-cost options. It ensures that prescribers have accurate information to discuss with the patient during a visit or phone call, to make a more informed decision about medication choice before sending a prescription to the pharmacy. Patients can also see options to discuss with their physician if needed. Technologies can deliver the same information to the patient’s pharmacist, enabling personalized care.MedCity News, 3d ago
The third component of the normative argument against retired flag officers speaking out pertains to the exploitation of military service for political influence or gain. Jason Dempsey has termed this “the paradox of prestige,” whereby politicians seek endorsements from retired officers in order to leverage the esteem associated with the military’s high public confidence levels.18 Some argue this exchange of military prestige for political power tarnishes the reputation of the military profession and threatens to erode the public’s high confidence in the institution — the very factor that compelled politicians to seek out such endorsements in the first place. It is the specific act of partisan campaign endorsements — in which retired flag officers put their rank, name, and military service behind a candidate for elected office but face no electoral accountability themselves — that critics find most troubling.19 Those who find fault with partisan campaign endorsements often argue that if retired flag officers want to fully enter the political process, they could run for office themselves and face the full scrutiny of the American electorate.20...Texas National Security Review, 4d ago
This is undoubtedly a welcome step forward, in particular for its highlighting the need for climate finance to be conflict-sensitive. However, the declaration fails to acknowledge the bidirectional relationship between conflicts and the climate crisis. The climate crisis is exacerbating fragility and conflicts across the world but wars are currently emitting the equivalent of whole countries, with alarming consequences for global climate action. Nor does the declaration request endorsing governments to reduce the environmental impacts of their military activities – which can exacerbate vulnerability, or even to pursue peace.CEOBS, 4d ago
To better retain women, BIPOC, and LGBTQ leaders, nonprofits can start by understanding why so many of these professionals are leaving their organizations right now. In general, leadership transitions are on the rise for a number of reasons, as leaders reassess their priorities or retire after postponing their retirement plans at the height of the pandemic. While some women, BIPOC, and LGBTQ leaders may be stepping down for these reasons, there are other factors at play as well. Many Black professionals, for instance, are disillusioned, having been promised active and sustained support only to watch that support wane. Following long overdue renewed focus on systemic racism in the summer of 2020, organizations made commitments to change their policies and practices on everything from staffing to resources to organizational structure. Black professionals joined organizations or ascended to leadership positions with the understanding that implementing change would be a shared responsibility – that the institution was dedicated to the difficult work of reckoning with systemic inequities and reorienting itself around the principles of diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging. Over the past three years, these professionals have found that, with the passage of time, institutional promises have gone unfulfilled and original mandates under-resourced and unsupported.Hunt Scanlon Media, 3d ago

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China’s use of ASI’s is useful in the context of Europe’s SEP regulation as it shows how China repurposes a western legal mechanism for its own ends—to increase the value of Chinese technology and decrease the value of foreign technology “monopolies.” Mark Cohen and other IP experts point out that China’s ASI practice is a kind of linguistic “false friend” intended to normalize bad behavior by adopting western nomenclature.[50] Courts in the United States and elsewhere also issue ASIs, but unlike common law countries, Chinese ASIs are exclusively extra-territorial in nature. Chinese ASIs are part of a national effort to increase the role of Chinese courts in establishing global judicial norms that have been promoted and endorsed by the highest levels of China’s political and judicial leadership.[51] Western ASIs are rarely intended to promote the role of the courts in international disputes, while China’s use of ASIs have created new causes of action and unique conflict of law. Chinese ASIs have also precipitated other changes in the adjudication of SEPs to accommodate this more aggressive posture through creation of new causes of action, adoption of unique conflicts of law rules, etc., while the disruption caused by Western ASIs on domestic legal systems has been relatively minor. As Mark Cohen states, the United States and others should look at Chinese ASIs exclusively in functional terms—in terms of how they’re used for industrial goals. Using Western nomenclature to describe unfair practices can lead to normalization and inappropriate acceptance of such practices. In the same vein, China will likely use many of the concerns, components, and functions in the EU SEP proposal, but for distinctly industrial development goals.itif.org, 28d ago
CBM India Trust is a leading Indian not-for-profit development organization committed to improving the quality of life of persons with disabilities and other marginalized communities. They are dedicated to promoting inclusive education, ensuring that both girls and boys in low-income settings have equal access to education. Their program is aligned with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals, which underscores the importance of transforming education systems to be more inclusive, particularly for children with disabilities. Additionally, they are working alongside persons with disabilities to remove cultural and environmental barriers to their full participation in health, education, and livelihood in over 25 states to break the vicious cycle of poverty and disability...CXOToday.com - Technology News, Business Technology News, Information Technology News, Tech News India, 21d ago
Yet, water is the backbone of agricultural productivity. Limited availability of high-quality and sufficient water for both agriculture and human consumption is a dual aspect resulting from and contributing to unsustainable agricultural techniques and food insecurity. While water shortage adversely affects agricultural productivity, poor farming practices can render water resources unavailable or unsuitable for further use. This mutual interaction propels the over-exploitation and contamination of water resources in attempts to foster agricultural productivity. The vicious cycle demands innovative approaches that simultaneously address the challenges of water and food security.CGIAR, 24d ago

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AIAN workers stand to gain from legislative proposals that would raise the federal minimum wage and strengthen workers’ right to organize. But much more will be required to achieve economic equity for Native American families and children. The economic relief measures enacted in response to the pandemic proved that both child poverty and inequity are policy choices. Expanding the U.S. social safety net can once again help AIAN children and their families avoid economic insecurity. Recognizing the power of tribal self-determination, the federal government must also honor tribal nations’ sovereign right to inform the implementation of federal investments in infrastructure, manufacturing, and clean energy. All these measures could help pave the way for Native American families and children to escape the cycle of economic vulnerability left behind centuries of violence, theft, and unmet obligations.Economic Policy Institute, 4d ago
...“Good jobs” exist in the infrastructure sector, but leaders need to boost visibility around such positions and enhance training flexibility to ensure more and different types of people can access them. For example, strengthening sector partnerships—collaborations between employers and other workforce, education, labor, and community groups—can support planning and investment around new hiring, recruitment, and training strategies. California’s High Road Training Partnerships initiative is one such model, with its clear focus on enhancing job quality and connecting more workers to good jobs. Additional supportive services (e.g., child care and transportation) are also helping workers overcome barriers, as are new federal, state, and local requirements around local hiring and community benefits agreements.Brookings, 4d ago
...”Six of nine planetary boundaries that regulate the stability and resilience of the Earth system have been transgressed – suggesting that Earth is now well outside of the safe operating space for humanity. In the face of these negative climate tipping points, we are now also seeing the shift to a low-carbon economy picking up speed. We are finally waking up to the challenges facing all our economies, and governments and businesses are doing more than ever to decarbonize and support a more sustainable kind of growth. However, we are still not moving fast enough. The key now will be getting a critical mass of leaders to drive their nations and industries towards critical positive tipping points in adoption of low-carbon solutions, in order to accelerate our transition. The Breakthrough Effect in ASEAN shows how governments and companies can do precisely this, and unlock tremendous opportunities as a result.SYSTEMIQ, 4d ago
Henry Kissinger – longtime scholar and diplomat – died on Wednesday, November 29. Several Belfer Center foreign policy and security experts share their thoughts on the impact Kissinger has had on the U.S., the world, and on themselves. GRAHAM ALLISON, Douglas Dillon Professor of Government “Henry Kissinger was America’s greatest living statesman, Harvard’s most accomplished living graduate, and the model practitioner of statecraft as Applied History. For me personally, he was the most generous and tolerant continuing education professor for a student who first enrolled in his legendary course at Harvard 58 years ago. Over the last several years, I’ve had the good fortune to Zoom with him every couple of weeks and never left a session without having been further enlightened. Many commentators have celebrated—and criticized—Kissinger as a master practitioner of realpolitik, which of course he was. But for Henry, the much more important lesson he attempted to teach successive generations of those seeking to follow in his footsteps was the moral idealism of realism. For him, realism was not just about raw politics advancing the interest of a single state. The larger purpose was the construction of a viable order to prevent catastrophic war. That was the focus of his first book, A World Restored. That was his aspiration in finding a path to victory over the Soviet Union without hot war. That was his aspiration in searching for ways in which the U.S. and China can compete peacefully while coexisting. As we mourn his passing, we can fortunately be inspired by the lessons he taught us and the writings he’s left for us from which we can continue to learn.” FREDRIK LOGEVALL, Laurence D. Belfer Professor of International Affairs and Professor of History “It’s a mixed legacy in policy terms. On the one hand, Kissinger understood the vital importance of negotiating with adversaries, something that U.S. policymakers historically have often been reluctant to acknowledge, much less undertake. The result was notable achievements, above all détente with Soviet Union and the opening to China. As well, his shuttle diplomacy after the 1973 Yom-Kippur War yielded real and lasting results. On the other side of the ledger, Kissinger’s absolute emphasis on great-power politics and tendency to see smaller countries as mere pawns led him to espouse policies with often disastrous consequences. Here I would point as an example to the massive carpet-bombing campaign in Cambodia, launched in early 1969 in the forlorn hope of eradicating enemy sanctuaries and sending a message to Hanoi and Moscow of America’s unyielding resoluteness. The bombing was kept secret from the American press and public, but not from the Cambodians who were on the receiving end.”...Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, 4d ago
Our findings reveal that in almost two-thirds of cases, the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) for utility-scale solar power projects was either the same or lower than those for gas-fired projects. The finding was based on responses from institutions that answered both this and last year’s surveys, and covers WACC for projects reaching final investment decision (FID) over three years: 2019, 2021 and 2022. Assuming other parameters remain the same, the result is that utility-scale gas-power projects are perceived as an equal or riskier investment than utility-scale solar PV projects. This can be the result of higher climate-related risks associated with gas power projects, more uncertain demand or fuel prices, as well as more policy support for renewables in general and solar PV in particular. When comparing responses of utility-scale batteries, for projects taking FID in 2022, we found that the WACC for batteries was higher or equal to that of solar PV projects. This trend emerged primarily from the hybrid nature of the projects in the survey, with solar and storage projects increasingly in demand. This year’s survey also shows that nine out 10 respondents expect increases in the cost of capital in emerging and developing economies in 2023.IEA, 4d ago
Castañeda cited differences in social and economic equality, the unpredictability of events, concepts of time epitomized in the mañana syndrome, the ability to achieve results quickly, and attitudes toward history, expressed in the “cliché that Mexicans are obsessed with history, Americans with the future.” Sosa identifies several Hispanic traits (very different from Anglo-Protestant ones) that “hold us Latinos back”: mistrust of people outside the family; lack of initiative, self-reliance, and ambition; little use for education; and acceptance of poverty as a virtue necessary for entrance into heaven. Author Robert Kaplan quotes Alex Villa, a third-generation Mexican American in Tucson, Arizona, as saying that he knows almost no one in the Mexican community of South Tucson who believes in “education and hard work” as the way to material prosperity and is thus willing to “buy into America.” Profound cultural differences clearly separate Mexicans and Americans, and the high level of immigration from Mexico sustains and reinforces the prevalence of Mexican values among Mexican Americans.Foreign Policy, 4d ago

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Policymakers should also find ways to address other factors (not related to fertilizers) that are a drag on Kenya’s agricultural economy, impacting agricultural productivity and food prices. Transportation fuels stand out as a primary factor, and the assessment points to the advisability of implementing a more gradual approach to changing fuel taxation levels, allowing consumers and producers more time to adjust.Agrilinks, 5d ago
Gender bias and the perception that young individuals, especially females, lack the ability to drive meaningful change have been persistent obstacles. Overcoming this bias required immense determination. I've had to continually prove my capabilities and competence in various initiatives. In 2021, I walked into the municipal director's office in the Greater Acca Municipal building and asked for them to partner with us on our Zero Waste project. They said, You are 23 years old and a female, what can you do?' Breaking down these stereotypes is an ongoing process, and my success in projects like the Zero Waste initiative is a testament to the power of persistence and passion. Financial constraints have often posed a significant challenge. To address this, I've learned to maximize the impact of available resources. Instead of relying solely on funding, we've adopted strategies like forming partnerships with local organizations and leveraging volunteers. By doing so, we've managed to achieve substantial results with minimal financial resources. In the past, I've observed young activists working in silos, independently pursuing similar goals. This lack of coordination created conflicts and resulted in a duplication of efforts. Recognizing this issue, we established the Youth Climate Council as a platform to foster collaboration among youth activists. This initiative has empowered young climate activists to work together and amplify their voices collectively. This is currently implemented across the globe. It's essential for governments to recognize youth as vital stakeholders and include them in decision-making processes.World Wildlife Fund, 18d ago
ENVIRONMENTAL UNDERESTIMATE: Of the total sum, more than 70% of the hidden costs are “driven by unhealthy diets”, leading to “non-communicable diseases and causing labour productivity losses”, the FAO wrote in a press release, adding that the costs of these health impacts primarily affected higher-income countries. About 20% of the costs are environmental: greenhouse gas emissions, nitrogen emissions, land-use change and water use. The press release noted that the scale of environmental costs “is probably underestimated due to data limitations”. FAO director-general Qu Dongyu said: “The future of our agrifood systems hinges on our willingness to appreciate all food producers, big or small, to acknowledge these true costs and understand how we all contribute to them and what actions we need to take.” Governments should factor in these true costs “to transform agrifood systems”, the FAO added. Next year’s report will also focus on true-cost accounting, the FAO said.Carbon Brief, 26d ago
..."Extreme weather events including fires and floods are also associated with significant psychological distress from loss of homes and livelihoods, which can lead to long-lasting mental health effects. They can also cause difficulties accessing medications, can have major impacts on staffing in hospitals and clinics, and can disrupt health and other services. The health sector represents 7 per cent of the national carbon emissions, and climate change poses a large threat to the already overcrowded and stressed healthcare system. These interrelated factors must urgently be addressed by limiting low value clinical care and improving sustainability in the healthcare sector."...Monash University, 10d ago
...“Could this apply to make [Rhodesia]’s [counterinsurgency] on [ZANU-PF] proportional? There are roughly [700,000 Whites] living in [Rhodesia] now most of whom seem to feel—based on my own informal discussions with [Whites]—that living with [ZANU-PF] operating [within/around] its border is “intolerable.” I interpret that to mean that the sense of insecurity it induces in them gives them a good reason to wage [counterinsurgency] on [ZANU-PF], aiming to depose it. To take that idea seriously, we have to suppose that they think that avoiding that insecurity is important enough to justify causing the collateral damage that will come from deposing [ZANU-PF]. If we assume that will be around 30,000 deaths, then the implicit ratio the [Whites] are invoking is something like one collateral death for every 200 [Whites] who would otherwise live in a state of profound insecurity. That number needs to be adjusted, however, for those [Blacks] who will necessarily, no matter how the [counterinsurgency] ends, carry a similar, if not greater, psychic burden because of [the counterinsurgency campaign]. Those who lost loved ones in the war presumably fit this description. Let us assume ten [Blacks] will carry that burden for every [Black] who is killed. Let us add to that the number who are injured and who will carry that burden for the rest of their lives. Suppose that number is five times higher than the number killed. If we add those numbers together, we get about half a million. If we offset the number of [Whites] with a claim to avoid a psychic burden by that number, the number of [Whites] whose psychic burden counts will still be close to six million. The ratio would still be something like one collateral death for every 200 or so [Whites] who would otherwise live in a state of profound insecurity. I find that I cannot reject that as an unreasonable balance. In other words, once we count psychic harm, it looks like [Rhodesia]’s [counterinsurgency campaign] might be proportional.”...Daily Nous - news for & about the philosophy profession, 6d ago
For people – particularly those living in the Global South, in countries affected by conflict, and those in communities in marginalised situations – the ecological impacts have meant growing rates of poverty, lack of access to safe and nutritious food and clean water, forced displacement, greater vulnerability to violence, including gender-based violence, and other types of human rights violations. Ecological destruction also exacerbates direct and indirect drivers of conflict, especially in fragile contexts.WILPF, 13d ago

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Its vast diversity, spanning massive industrial farms in developed nations to small subsistence plots in the developing world, complicates scalable solutions. Additionally, stringent emissions measures here risk undermining food security for the most vulnerable in regions like Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia—a dire trade-off that violates the fundamental human right to food. Yet, we urgently need this sector to move towards low emissions pathways, but in ways that do not further harm the interests of the small-scale producers in the Global South.CGIAR, 5d ago
Alabama’s Medicaid eligibility criteria are relatively restrictive relative to other states. Estimates vary, but approximately three hundred thousand individuals would become eligible if the state were to accept federal funding for expanding Medicaid access under the Affordable Care Act. In states that have expanded Medicaid, the increase in health-care coverage among women of reproductive age has been significant. This expansion has improved their access to essential preconception and prenatal services, which are crucial for ensuring the safety and well-being of both mother and baby during pregnancy and childbirth. Conversely, in the twelve states that have decided not to expand Medicaid to include adults with incomes below 138 percent of the poverty line, including Alabama, the uninsured and maternal mortality rates among women of reproductive age are notably higher.Council on Foreign Relations, 4d ago
The World Bank and ILO define Universal Social Protection (USP) as a nationally defined system of policies and programmes that provide equitable access to all people and protect them throughout their lives against poverty and risks to their livelihoods and well-being. This can include everything from cash transfers to health care services to employment programmes, all of which can help families cope with life cycle risks, climate risks, and other crises.preventionweb.net, 5d ago

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The pivot to East Asia is a rational maneuver much discussed over the past decades but of only recent and somewhat sticky execution. However, it should not entail abandoning America’s considerable allies and assets in the Middle East, where U.S. interests remain vital, in jeopardy, and relevant to the global contest with China. What is needed is a sense of proportion and conceptual coherence for the post-pivot partnerships between America and like-minded Middle Eastern states to protect those interests. A pivot that creates a vacuum in the Middle East for ready exploitation by China or Iran is hardly a step forward in America’s global competition with Beijing. Washington has yet to develop a framework that places the region’s competitive great power environment in a global context. The Middle East has for so long dominated the American vision of its threats that it has come to distort the latter’s picture of the globe. A correction should rank the Middle East at the right level of priority—and create conditions that allow the redistribution of America’s instruments of power elsewhere without damaging enduring U.S. interests in that part of the world.The National Interest, 5d ago
From media headlines, most people believe that markets foster crime. In fact, markets cut crime: ‘Historians combing the archives of medieval European towns estimate an annual homicide rate of about 50 per 100,000 residents. … and by the time of the great market takeover it was below 10 per 100,000. By around 1880, the annual homicide rate in London was less than 2 per 100,000 and headed lower. … Markets also broaden social webs, strengthen bonds, and foster moral behavior. So the market takeover transforms the moral system’ (Friedman & McNeill 2013, p.160-1). One important channel through which markets reduce crimes is by increasing per-capita incomes (the section on “Efficiency of Market Exchange” on p.6), making people having less need to commit crimes and face higher costs of doing so. In addition, see the old doux- commerce thesis on the civilizing effects (making people gentle, honest and peaceful) of market relations which increase morality and reduce crimes (e.g. Hirschman 1982, 2013). Berggren & Nilsson (2013) and Prasad (2012) also argue that economic freedom, trade openness and the removal of controls in particular, fosters tolerance and reduce violent crime. Zak (2011) argues that, not only is moral behavior necessary for the proper functioning of markets, but markets also strengthen moral values.Open Access Government, 5d ago
Whether or not COP28 will make a difference depends on a number of factors, including the willingness of world leaders to commit to ambitious actions for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, the mobilization of financial resources to support climate action in developing countries, and the ability to overcome the opposition of fossil fuel companies and other vested interests.COP summits do have the potential to make a difference. For example, the 1.5°C warming limit, agreed in Paris at COP21, has driven "near-universal climate action," according to the UN. COP28 is an opportunity to reset climate ambition in line with limiting global warming to 1.5°C, and to restore trust and hope that we can tackle this crisis together.The future of the planet depends on it.WWF is at the heart of the global movement for a net-zero, climate-resilient future. A future where the greenhouse gas levels in our atmosphere are stabilized and where we take active steps to halt the degradation of biodiversity. A huge global effort is required to meet the challenge, but we remain positive.Nations and negotiators at COP28 must commit to building the bridge to a livable climate future and bringing an end to the fossil fuel era. Send your message to world leaders ahead of COP28.World Wildlife Fund, 5d ago
Increase heat and heat wave emergency preparedness: Policymakers should raise awareness to help households prepare for heat waves. Through targeted outreach and awareness campaigns, individuals and communities should better understand their risk and the cooling resources they have access to when the heat becomes dangerous. In cities like Seville, Spain, officials have also utilized data-informed, health-based early warning systems. By categorizing and naming heat waves, policymakers can provide people with the time and knowledge they need to take appropriate action to reduce their risk of heat-related illnesses and death.preventionweb.net, 5d ago
Per capita emissions represent the amount of emissions generated on account of an individual's activities and consumption patterns. Inequity in per capita emissions refers to the uneven distribution of greenhouse gas emissions among individuals in different regions or countries. The variation in per capita emissions between countries stems from factors such as varying levels of industrialization, economic development, energy consumption patterns, and resource accessibility. Developed countries often experience higher per capita emissions due to industrial activities and higher standards of living, while developing nations may have lower per capita emissions.CEEW, 5d ago
In such a world with an economic-political system on auto-pilot searching for the ultimate efficiency in profit seeking, it would be no surprise but rather expected that the increasing urgency of the climate and ecological crises have already been factor in. A concerted effort by big corporations and their helpers to sow doubt about climate science has been well documented. But in itself it does not explain the ease with which climate emergency declarations and net zero pledges have recently proliferated. What I talk about is a more comprehensive plot, something more sinister, where all the energy by campaigners put into raising awareness of the climate and ecological crises is eventually being diverted into a direction that allows the continuation and expansion of profits while real action is being further delayed.resilience, 5d ago

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In this study, we constrasted two mutually non-exclusive hypotheses about dormancy phenology. Energy limitation hypothesis, which predicts that body sexes should immerge into and emerge from hibernation when food resources are sufficient to support metabolic needs. The life-history hypothesis, on the other hand, suggests that males and females time these events with respect to reproductive advantages. The sex difference in hibernation phenology is a good opportunity to confront these hypotheses, because the sexes are faced with somewhat different life-history challenges. The energy limitation hypothesis predicts that sex difference in hibernation phenology is related to relatively small sex differences in energy balance regardless of reproductive investment during the active annual period. The life-history hypothesis, however, predicts that the sex with lesser investment of time and energy in reproduction should spend more time in hibernation, regardless of its energy balance. Based on phylogenetic comparative analyses, we compared reproductive traits and dormancy phenology that were supposed to trade off and coevolve. We found that parameters that may increase male reproductive success, such as high testes mass or body mass before mating, seem to favor protandry. But when the time constraint for reproduction was less important, protandry diminished. As well, the sex that spent the least amount of time in post mating activity (maternal effort or recovery from reproductive stress) immerged first. The comparative method, however, did not allow assignment of causation of one variable on the other; that is, of the causal direction of selection pressures between reproductive investments and hibernation phenology.elifesciences.org, 5d ago
The global food system’s current structure not only leads to significant negative environmental externalities, but also contributes to widening food and dietary disparities, leading to noncommunicable diseases in middle- and high-income countries and insufficient caloric intake and poor diets among the world’s most impoverished populations.Agrilinks, 5d ago
Volcano geoengineering is the practice of altering the state of volcanic systems and/or volcanic eruptions to exploit them or mitigate their risk. Although many in the field insist there is little that can be done to mitigate the hazard, past examples of both intentional and inadvertent volcano interventions demonstrate that it is technically feasible to reach volcano plumbing systems or alter atmospheric processes following eruptions. Furthermore, we suggest that economical, political, and environmental pressures may make such interventions more common in the future. If volcano geoengineering ever becomes a discipline, it will need to overcome many safety and ethical concerns, including dealing with uncertainty, deciding on philosophical approaches such as a consequentialism or precautionary principle, justice and inequality, military uses, cultural values, and communication. We highlight that while volcano geoengineering has significant potential benefits, the risks and uncertainties are too great to justify its use in the short term. Despite this, because of the potential large benefits to society, we believe there is a strong ethical case to support research into the efficacy and safety of volcano geoengineering for its potential future use. We propose that rigorous governance and regulation of any volcano geoengineering is required to protect against potential risks, to enable potentially valuable and publicly available research (e.g., quantification of efficacy and safety), to ensure that any future policy must be co-created through community engagement, and that volcano geoengineering should only be considered as part of larger mitigation practices.nationalaffairs.com, 5d ago
Air pollution continues to be a leading public health risk, and the annual number of attributable deaths exceeds the cumulative number of covid-19 deaths to date, according to WHO estimates.46 A major proportion is potentially avoidable, caused by anthropogenic emissions, of which globally 82% is attributable to using fossil fuels in industry, power generation, and transportation. Given the Paris Climate Agreement’s goal of climate neutrality by 2050, the replacement of fossil fuels by clean, renewable energy sources would have tremendous public health and climate co-benefits. The forthcoming UN’s 28th climate summit (COP28) in the United Arab Emirates offers an opportunity to make substantial progress towards phasing out fossil fuels. Of which, the health benefits should be high on the agenda.The BMJ, 5d ago
In Somalia, ahead of forecasted floods this month, WFP delivered early-warning messages and anticipatory cash to nearly 230,000 people before the waters arrived. This, as well as WFP-organized boats that delivered essential food and evacuated people, meant that communities were able to limit the damage the floods had on their lives and livelihoods.wfp.org, 5d ago
In 2013, CLF partnered with the Massachusetts Department of Public Health, and the MAPC to conduct an assessment of the potential relationships between planned transit-oriented development (TOD) and health. The intent of this work was to develop criteria that could guide decisions about HNEF investments.In its recommendations, the health impact assessment (HIA) identified 12 determinants of health associated with TOD, the types of projects that could address them and the potential health impacts of such projects. It also identified data sets that could be used to monitor whether the expected positive health impacts were being achieved in the real world.The HIA was updated in 2020 to help guide the work of HNEF II. It expanded the original 12 health-related “pathways” to 15 and provided a literature review and recommendations for each.This work has ensured that CLF and MHIC have a playbook for guiding “multilayered” development that backs up public-sector investments in public transit with equitable access to housing, food and parks. “We also want to incent developers to build in a way that is greener and lower-carbon that code currently requires, putting solar arrays on rooftops, using heat pumps, installing EV charging stations and bike racks,” Foote says.Barry Keppard, director of the MAPC Public Health Department, was part of the team for the initial health impact assessment (HIA). A regional agency in a state where county-level government is not the norm, MAPC serves 101 cities and towns.Local governments are under pressure to balance demands from residents and fiscal responsibility, he says. Many default to thinking that creating equal conditions will give residents equal opportunities for well-being.But simply making things “equal” doesn’t account for variability among the people themselves, whether language, disability or community culture. (Or unintended consequences such as gentrification or displacement.)As it has worked to clarify how the built environment can foster health, CLF has explored the human side of healthy development through a parallel research effort in partnership with MIT’s Department of Urban Studies and Planning.Governing, 5d ago

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Balance dysfunction occurs frequently in aging people (85% prevalence above 80; Agrawal et al., 2013) but also in younger people (prevalence of 35% in the 40-year-old). While animal models often use permanent vestibular lesions (Simon et al., 2020), many diseases in fact consist in a gradual, transient and/or partial loss of vestibular function. For instance Menière’s disease, which represents ~9% of all vestibular pathologies in the adult and occurs in the <60 years old, is characterized by recurrent episodes with brief (<24 hr) fluctuating symptoms and otherwise normal vestibular function before long-term deterioration arises (Lopez-Escamez et al., 2015). Transitory vestibular symptoms are also commonly reported in vestibular neuritis where, although symptoms tend to rapidly disappear due to vestibular compensation, vestibular function can recuperate up to a year after the initial loss (Welgampola et al., 2019). Gradual and partial vestibular loss is also encountered as a side-effect of some ototoxic anti-cancer treatments (prevalence in treated patients ~40%; cisplatin; Paken et al., 2016; Prayuenyong et al., 2018). Here, we took advantage of a subchronic ototoxic protocol to determine how animals adapt to partial and transitory loss of vestibular hair cells. We show that the loss, and then the partial recovery of the VOR, is correlated with the integrity of the type I HC, demonstrating for the first time their essential role in the VOR, whether of canalar or otolithic origin. We show that sensory (visual) substitution would theoretically compensate for vestibular loss, but that injured mice have suboptimal responses when combining visual and vestibular information. Finally, we show that this impairment in multisensory integration would be linked to the loss of ‘reliability’ of the vestibular signal, degraded by ototoxicity. Overall, these results suggest that transitory peripheral infraction have long term consequences, and that the capacity of central vestibular structures to cope (vestibular compensation; Cullen et al., 2010; Beraneck and Idoux, 2012; Lacour et al., 2016) with the sensorineural loss might critically depend on the integrity of the neural elements involved. Future studies should aim at obtaining information about the degradation of signal transmission following IDPN treatment and characterize the amount of peripheral population-coding necessary to preserve optimal vestibular function.eLife, 5d ago
In this review, we advocate that integrating sensory ecology into collective behaviour will expand conceptual and methodological approaches and bring new depth and discovery to the field of collective behaviour. We start by describing the current status of the two fields and set forth our case for their further integration. We then introduce the idea of the sensory collective, where different sensory inputs are perceived and shared via signals or cues among members of a group and integrated into an overall collective perception. In doing so, we discuss the potential benefits afforded by the increased sampling range of the collective and discuss the potential costs of group-induced noise. We then consider how the study of collective behaviour may provide new insights and models for understanding the evolution of sensory systems, assessing whether selective pressures are exerted by sensory collectives. Such an approach has yet to be thoroughly investigated in sensory ecology, but is likely to generate new insights into forces shaping the form and functions of visual, olfactory, haptic, thermal, auditory, magnetic, gustatory, and other sensory systems. With this goal in mind, we highlight a few examples of systems in which further study of how collective stimuli might shape the evolution of sensory systems seems likely to be fruitful. Building on this, we offer some examples of how collective stimuli might shape the evolution of sensory systems and discuss neural circuits involved in sensing and collective behaviour. We illustrate this by focusing on examples from diverse taxa and highlighting the promise of shared model systems in furthering this goal. Importantly, combining collective behaviour and sensory ecology requires new methods and theoretical approaches. To this end, we review emerging conceptual and methodological advances, and identify testable hypotheses and potential applications suitable for driving this research forward towards quantifying a ‘sensescape’. We explore what it will take to understand the combined and intersecting sensory perceptions of social individuals and, more critically, how sensory systems scale up to the level of group decision-making and the resulting collective behaviour. We conclude by discussing the applications and significance of sensory collectives for biological conservation, arguing that determining the umwelten of a sensory collective is essential for understanding how animals respond to sensory pollution and anthropogenic change. Given the increasing impact of human populations on animal ecology and population dynamics, we suggest understanding the sensory ecology of collectives will offer important insights into conservation initiatives.eLife, 5d ago
We suspect there are or have been thousands of other Margaret Mary Votjkos struggling to survive and make ends meet while in the higher education teaching profession. One way to confirm these suspicions is to support the collection of systematic data that capture adjuncts’ employment benefits. At present, we have national data on adjunct salaries and some spotty data about access to benefits that, together, paint a picture of poverty-level wages and a general lack of retirement and health-care benefits or supplemental benefits for Medicare. More systematic data are needed to improve adjunct working and living conditions.Inside Higher Ed | Higher Education News, Events and Jobs, 5d ago

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Since the American general elections in 2016, the fake news rhetoric has gained a new platform in both the press and societal mainstreams, because of the significant compromise the same has caused not only on democratically independent institutions but also on the legitimacy of the American presidency. While there is nothing new about the present day misinformation and the falsehood experienced decades and centuries ago, it has become apparent that social media and the related technological platforms that are highly sophisticated have escalated the level and impact of fake news in an international arena. Consequently, the effect of fake news had not only affected the US, but its adverse impact cuts across significant democracies in Europe and the West alike, like Canada, Germany, Italy, and France. In the case of the US, there have been evidence-based arguments that fake news propelled president Trump to his win in the American pols in 2016, and that much traction on social media characterized by fake news outperformed the certified and truthful news in the national press. Nevertheless, a critical examination of the faker news propagated on social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter barely confirms more than 30 percent of Americans who got influenced by fake news. Experts have consequently argued that the fake news rhetoric was meant to send tremors of fear and to confuse in either camp of Democrats and Republicans, without necessarily influencing the pols directly. As such, this stance casts doubt as to whether fake news dictated the outcome of the US 2016 Presidential polls or otherwise. On the other hand, fake news has compromised the independence of critical institutions in the country. For instance, the press has been attacked in many occasions in social media, and most Americans hardly believe in media houses that have certified and credible newsfeeds but have instead chosen to depend on social media for information. Furthermore, the judiciary has faced much controversy from the executive, because of the determined efforts to reveal the truth or fiction in the Russian interference rhetoric. As such, institutions like the CIA, and the FBI which are directly linked to law protection and enforcement have compromised legal platforms to intervene in the volatile issues that directly attach the presidency to fake news and hence expressly curtail the America democracy.writinguniverse.com, 21d ago
Under a previous USAID-sponsored effort, the Innovation Lab for Small-Scale Irrigation (ILSSI) found that small-scale irrigation can improve nutrition through: 1) supporting food production throughout the year, and particularly in the lean season and during climate-extreme events; 2) improving the diversity of foods produced, particularly fruits and vegetables, but also animal-source foods through irrigated fodder; 3) increasing household incomes that allow families to purchase a higher-quality diet, to pay for school fees and medical bills; and 4) providing water access at the household level for multiple uses, including for domestic and hygiene purposes. All of these pathways can be strengthened if women participate in decision-making processes on irrigation.Agrilinks, 13d ago
More recently, droughts, floods, and bushfires have been impacting food production and supply chains contributing to an increase in food insecurity. Supply chain disruptions also generate food waste. This is counterbalanced by improvements in precision farming that enhance productivity. Our national food waste baseline shows Australia wastes 7.6 million tons per year. We have contributed to the data in this study by mapping fruit and vegetable losses pre-retail.phys.org, 16d ago
...tive collaborations. As the energy transition narrative unfolds, this principle assumes paramount importance, underscoring the significance of trust in nurturing part- nerships that catalyse innovation and drive sustain- able change. The application of the ‘Speed of Trust’ principles to energy transition leadership yields mani- fold benefits. It accentuates the pivotal role of trust in both personal and professional relationships – a facet of critical importance in steering the complex and urgent energy transition journey. Trust manifests as the bed- rock of collaboration and co-operation, vital elements that unite diverse stakeholders – governments, indus- tries, communities, and environmental groups – in col- lective action. Trust, in turn, emboldens individuals to share audacious ideas, thereby fostering innova- tion, an imperative in developing the novel technolo- gies, processes, and policies that underpin sustainable change. It thrives on transparency, channelling leaders’ intentions, decisions, and communication toward cred- ibility, a quality that nurtures trust among teams and stakeholders. Particularly in energy transition leadership, trans- parency holds the key to addressing concerns regard- ing resource allocation, environmental impact, and long-term strategies. Navigating the energy transition landscape, rife with technological advancements, reg- ulatory shifts, and market dynamics, underscores the pertinence of trust. Trust empowers leaders to steer teams through uncertainty, embrace novel challenges, and make informed decisions that anchor long-term sustainabil- ity. It engenders accountability, prompting individu- als to embrace ownership of their commitments when nurtured by the trust of their leaders and peers. This sense of trust extends beyond individuals to stake- holder networks, facilitating effective communication, understanding, and collaboration. Trust embodies a commitment to long-term outcomes rather than fleet- ing gains, aligning seamlessly with the overarching mission of the energy transition – the creation of a sus- tainable future for generations yet unborn. As humanistic leadership principles intersect with the tenets of the ‘Speed of Trust’, a potent formula emerges for ushering societies and industries toward a cleaner and more sustainable energy future. Transparent communication bridges gaps between governments, industries, and communities, while trust becomes the cornerstone that bolsters partnerships, expediting the transition to renewable energy sources. Moreover, the resonance between Covey’s trust framework and Enea’s transformative journey, as cap- tured in Andrea Marcolongo’s The Art of Resilience: The Lessons of Aeneas , magnifies the relevance of these principles in the energy transition. Aeneas’ journey: navigating the transition with courage Aeneas’ voyage, brimming with resilience and hope, emerges as an invaluable trove of insights for energy transition leadership. His audacity to confront fear and triumph over uncertainties mirrors the challenges faced by leaders navigating the intricate tapestry of technological and societal transformations. Aeneas’ leadership style, marked by inclusivity and guidance of diverse companions, echoes the imperative of engag- ing stakeholders across the spectrum. Just as Aeneas’ inclusive journey led him to guide not only his peers but also those marginalised, energy transition leaders must similarly bridge divides, work- ing with governments, industries, communities, and underrepresented groups. This inclusive approach mir- rors the spirit of the ‘just transition’, assuring that pro- gress leaves no one behind. As we traverse the energy transition landscape, the initiation of change amidst uncertainties emerges as a central tenet of leadership. Aeneas’ audacious endeavours post-devastation parallel the leader’s res- olute commitment to sustainable energy systems. As Aeneas’ journey embarked on uncharted paths, energy transition leaders, too, must navigate the unknown with courage, spearheading a holistic transformation toward a greener horizon. In this intricate mosaic, geopolitical conflicts cast...digitalrefining.com, 15d ago
To begin with, an intergovernmental effort must require that the center city itself admit its failures and current shortcomings. The first rule of holes is to stop digging, and the first rule of recovery is to start looking in the mirror. Cities that have allowed social deterioration to impede job-creating business activity must step up to the plate on their own with local actions to address homelessness, street crime, organized shoplifting and related urban maladies and eyesores. Given the technology to work remotely, employees and employers alike will not populate downtown offices if their sidewalks are beyond grungy. The states — and arguably the federal government — could help with programs to provide matching funds for shelter for the homeless, but at the end of the day such efforts must begin at city hall.Just as we expect local, state and federal officials to declare weather-devastated localities disaster areas, the first step in an intergovernmental approach to urban recovery should be what would amount to an “economic disaster zone” declaration: Local officials must admit failure when that shoe fits. False civic pride and wishful/magical thinking will never bring back businesses, workers, retailers and condominium buyers. If the states are to provide a fiscal framework for durable economic recovery, their legislatures will need to play tough love and set the requirements for securing state-approved or -funded financial incentives in whatever form is appropriate in their jurisdictions. In some states this would focus on property tax breaks. In others it may be business income tax relief. And in some cases it may be incentives for local banks to refinance commercial real estate loans to avoid foreclosures.Politically, my suggested “disaster zone” designation will obviously need a prettier name to avoid instant ridicule. Even so, the local eligibility declarations must carry the self-awareness and accountability rules cited above if tax subsidies are to be approved outside city halls. Otherwise this looks like rewards for policy failure. Politicians who represent suburban and rural voting districts will need to be persuaded that the state and their constituents all have a vested interest in restoring a vibrant central-city economy with prudent management — that they will ultimately benefit from a stronger city center or suffer from its demise. One need only look at the 60-year fiscal history of metropolitan Detroit to appreciate that truism.Governing, 6d ago
Habib and Faulkner (2017) note that many partner states appreciate the minimal political conditions that come with Chinese finance and do not replicate the North-South, top-down, conditionality-focused aid. Hence, they are more able to access opportunities, such as the Chinese investments, and use those to develop their societies further. Indeed, the remarkable experience of China in reducing its own poverty levels are a testament to its record and expertise on the issue. But, there still remain many questions over whether the aid, loans and investment laid on as part of China’s Belt and Road Initiative will result in similar problems to that of traditional donor states. Loans have to be repaid and concerns have been raised whether recipients will face debts that will again place them in spirals of poverty.E-International Relations, 6d ago

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Communities and organizations are mobilizing against rare earth mining on the Ampasindava Peninsula in northwestern Madagascar. This area is home to northern Madagascar’s last remaining forests, recognized as a global biodiversity hotspot and home to IUCN-listed endangered and vulnerable species. The well-being of the populations on the peninsula depends largely on the maintenance of these ecosystems, which provide them with numerous products (food, energy, construction materials, pharmacopoeia and sources of income) and ecosystem services (water, protection against cyclones, microclimate, soil fertility). Since 2016, local communities have been opposing the mining project on the basis that it will infringe on many of their human rights. This includes their land rights and livelihoods, as most live mainly from fishing and agriculture—particularly the cultivation of high-value-added export crops such as vanilla, cocoa and coffee that would be put at risk. Since the beginning of the Tantalus Rare Earths Malagasy project –which was acquired by Reenova, then by HARENA Resources Pty Ltd in 2023– it has affected local communities that have denounced the irregular nature of mining permits, neglected test pit rehabilitation work, a lack of local participation and free, prior and informed consent, as well as disregard for the social, human rights and environmental impacts that would result from this project.Foreign Policy In Focus, 6d ago
The methodological limitations in the evidence may reflect limited access to data required to investigate social media’s health implications, adding weight to calls to compel social media corporations to share data with researchers.8687 In the absence of real time objective data, the development of generalisable, validated measures of social media use (considering social media activities performed eg, active or passive use) would facilitate comparability across studies. Awareness of the aspects of social media most harmful to adolescents (eg, user and marketer generated content), could support development and expedite introduction of the delayed UK Online Safety Bill, aimed at securing adolescents’ online safety.8688 The importance of exposure to marketer generated content identified in this article in potentially promoting health risk behaviours highlights gaps in the Bill, which largely focuses on user generated content, and the unmet need for legislation targeting influencer marketing.868990 Further research into this area could prove fruitful for informing regulation.The BMJ, 5d ago
Embrace Virtual Care: The emergence of the Covid- 19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of telehealth services and virtual care practices. COPD patients, who are often elderly or living in rural areas, benefit immensely from the accessibility and convenience that virtual care provides, including telehealth appointments and ongoing disease monitoring. Likewise, telehealth can mitigate the shortage of pulmonologists and the extended waiting times for specialist appointments. Virtual care not only ensures timely access to care but also enables continuous monitoring and early intervention. Patients can receive timely check-ups, participate in pulmonary rehabilitation programs, and seek advice, all from the comfort of their homes, eliminating the burden of transportation costs and time. This trend in virtual care must continue to expand to ensure that all COPD patients receive the care they deserve.MedCity News, 6d ago
Which brings us to the last man on our slide, no pun intended for any of you Marxists out there, Mao Zedong. He was a student during the revolution; a huge reader, he spent a lot of time during the late 1910s drinking in the classical texts of western liberalism and experimenting with different ideas. By the early 1920s he has experience in secret underground societies and the rudiments of revolutionary activities, organizing, et cetera; and it is at this point that he has fallen in with the Chinese communists. He was a central early member of the Chinese Communist Party, heading one of the branches. He had some peculiar ideas, such as the revolutionary potential of the peasantry, which orthodox Marxists found ridiculous. He also embraced collaboration with the bourgeois revolutionary forces represented by the KMT, at least whenever they were willing to collaborate with him. In fact he even held positions in the KMT in the mid-1920s before Chiang’s purge. Unlike many of his early, and frankly, rival comrades, like Li Lisan, one of Mao’s primary focuses was on maintaining an independent armed force. And it is this core of several thousand men and women that formed the future People’s Liberation Army (PLA). Mao was deeply nationalist, but at the same time he was totally averse to anything he judged backward, or which made China weaker, even when those things were aspects of Chinese culture itself. This is one of the interesting differences one sees today in Chinese state propaganda, is its emphasis on China’s thousands of years of history and its traditions: Mao waged aggressive cultural wars against traditionalism, as he saw it. To him, it was all part of teaching China and the Chinese to “Stand up,” as he put it, after a century of humiliations at the hands of the western powers and Japan. Mao successfully navigates both Chiang and the Japanese, and he emerges at the end of World War Two clearly the strongest force in China. Americans present as part of the 1944 Dixie Mission to China attest to that. He’s being helped by the Soviets, and will continue to be assisted by the Soviets all the way through the 1950s, even after Stalin’s death. Mao attempts to radically transform Chinese Society by way of a series of Five Year Plans, and he initiates the so-called “great leap forward,” a series of forced agricultural and economic measures that result in millions of Chinese starving to death. In response to criticism by more conservative party members like Deng Xiaoping, Mao launched the cultural revolution in order to effectively decapitate opposition to his continued rule. His deteriorating situation domestically, as well as his increasingly fraught relations with Moscow and the Vietnamese, result in Mao approving of an attempt to reach out to Washington. He died in 1976: just four years after Nixon’s visit and three years prior to the normalization of relations between Washington and Beijing, which we’ll talk about here shortly.The Libertarian Institute, 6d ago
Our series of exclusive reports on rainforest carbon offsets had a significant impact. The joint investigation by the Guardian, Die Zeit and Source Material built on three years of deep research into the rainforest carbon offsets approved by Verra, the world’s leading certifier. Our reporter familiarised himself with the complex methodologies that underlie the field to the point where he was able, with the support of academics, to develop new analysis, which found that the carbon credits used by big corporations for their climate and biodiversity commitments were deeply flawed. Out in the field, we also uncovered allegations of human rights abuse at one scheme in Peru. The findings of the investigation, which are contested by Verra, sent shock waves through the industry, and the months since publication have seen personnel and regulatory change across the field.the Guardian, 6d ago
Meanwhile, the profits of the fossil fuel sector have soared to new heights. “I’m here at parliament, lobbying the government to acknowledge a duty of care to young people that we have a right to a healthy future, a climate-safe future”, said one young protestor in what surely must feel like a déjà vu attempt to persuade corporate barons and policy makers about the dire necessity of bold, urgent action. For some, the modest emissions targets, and the vacuous promises aired at COP and other global forums are simply too little, too late. The question now is what capacity, if any, have nations got to withstand what’s at hand. Truth told, no-one knows the precise pace and scale of the unfolding catastrophe that will engulf the world, impacting mostly on the poorest and least polluting nations.Pearls and Irritations, 6d ago

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I strive to be objective and fact-driven when making a particular argument or testing a particular theory. The study of human behavior which includes state behavior and societal undertakings is a subjective enterprise, so keeping ones focus in research closest to reality, to the extent possible, is useful, and can have a deep impact in your field. This shift in thinking occurred when I started working on policy issues, especially decisions of life and death in trying to make sense of armed ethnic conflicts in Northeast India. I was very theory driven during my graduate program, but when I took my research hypotheses and methods to the conflict affected areas, I was shocked at how such theoretical frameworks sometimes did not explain the ground reality at all. I realized then that the most critical thing to strive for in my work was to find that meeting point between theory and practice, if you want your work to have an impact on society and be meaningful in your own life. I strive to achieve that in my work on space policy now. I utilize fact-based methodology which includes field work, for example, to analyze and explain the American, Chinese and Indian space programs.E-International Relations, 23d ago
Speaking at the project launch in Vientiane, Leepao Yang, Vice Minister of Labour and Social Welfare said, ”The four districts in Oudomxay and Phongsaly provinces have in the recent years suffered increasingly from seasonal floods and droughts, putting pressure on communities who are already threatened by food insecurity. Through this project, our Department of Social Welfare will also receive systems strengthening in supply chain and logistics management, as well as in conducting rapid emergency assessments. We are grateful for this support and collaboration of USAID and WFP, which contributes to the implementation of the 9th Socio-economic Development Plan and the National Disaster Risk Reduction Strategy.”...wfp.org, 25d ago
Several factors, however, suggest that biodiversity loss has the potential to have implications for national and international security. On a fundamental level, a wealth of research emphasises that biodiversity loss can impair ecosystem services in ways that have disastrous implications for people, especially vulnerable people. Such impacts include the devastation of water and food systems, the spread of pests and diseases, and greater impacts from disturbances like droughts and floods, as well as pronounced declines in the capacity of ecosystems to contribute towards climate regulation (e.g., due to a reduced ability to capture and store carbon). Plus, all the more concerningly, biodiversity loss can drive declines in multiple services simultaneously, and it can reduce the capacity of ecosystems to maintain functions and provide services if conditions change, which is an ominous prospect given the current and predicted changes across the planet.E-International Relations, 26d ago